Palm of the hand

Question 1

List the names of the 8 carpal bones and draw their layout
list the proximal row and the distal row from lateral to medial

Answer 1

proximal row = scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform
distal row = trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate

Question 2

What bones do the metacarpal bones connect to distally and proximal y?

Answer 2

priximally = carpal bones
distally = phalangeal bones

Question 3

Which two joints connect the phalangeal bones?

Answer 3

the distal interphalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints

Question 4

What is the role of the retinaculum and where is it found

Answer 4

a fibrous covering that covers surfaces at transition zones to tether tendons and prevent bowstringing
found at the surface of the carpal tunnel and in joints of the phalanges

Question 5

What are the boundaries of the carpal tunnel

Answer 5

roof =flexor retinaculum
base =
medially - pisiform and hook of hamate
laterally = scaphoid and trapezium

Question 6

What structures pass through the carpal tunnel

Answer 6

4 tendons of flexor digitorum profundus, 4 tendons of flexor digitorum superficialis, tendon of flexor pollicis longus and the median nerve

Question 7

State the origin, insertion, innervation and function of palmaris brevis

Answer 7

origin = palmar aponeurosis and flexor retinaculum
insertion = dermis of skin on medial margin of hand
innervation = ulnar nerve
improves grip

Question 8

State the origin, insertion, innervation and function of the 4 dorsal interossei muscles

Answer 8

origin = adjacent sides of metacarpals
inserts = extensor hood and base of proximal phalanges of index, middle and ring fingers
innervation = ulnar nerve
abducts the dingers at matacarpophalangeal joints

Question 9

State the origin, insertion, innervation and function of the 3/4 palmar interossei muscles

Answer 9

origin = side of metacarpals
inerstion = extensor hoods or thumb, index, ring and little fingers
innervation = ulnar nerve
adducts thumb index ring and little fingers at metacarophalangeal joints

Question 10

State the origin, insertion, innervation and function of the lumbrical muscles

Answer 10

origin = tendons of flexor digitorum profundus
insertion = extensor hoods or index, ring, middle and little fingers
innervation = medial two by the ulnar, lateral two by the median
flexes the metacarpophalangeal joints while extending interphalangeal joints

Question 11

Which muscles of the hand are intrinsic

Answer 11

lumbircals, palmar and dorsal interossei, the thenar and hypothenar muscles

Question 12

Which muscles of the hand are extrinsic

Answer 12

flexor carpi ulnaris/radialis, palmaris longus, flexor digitorum superficialis/profundus, flexor pollicis longus

Question 13

List the thenar muscles of the hands

Answer 13

opponens pollicis
abductor pollicis brevis
flexor pollicis brevis
adductor pollicis

Question 14

List the hypothenar muscles of the hands

Answer 14

opponens digiti minimi
abductor digiti minimi
flexor digiti minimi

Question 15

State the origin, insertion, innervation and function of opponens pollicis

Answer 15

origin = tubercle of trapezium and flexor retinaculum
insetion = lateral surface and palmar surface of metacarpal I
median nerve
medially rotates thumb - opposition to touch pinky finger

Question 16

State the origin, insertion, innervation and function of abductor pollicis brevis

Answer 16

origin = tubercle of scaphoid and trapezium and flexor retinaculum
inserts = proximal phalanx and extensor hood of thumb
median nerve
abducts thumb

Question 17

State the origin, insertion, innervation and function of flexor pollicis brevis

Answer 17

origin = tubercle of trapezium and flexor retinaculum
insertion = proximal phalanx of thumb
median nerve
flexes thumb

Question 18

State the origin, insertion, innervation and function of adductor pollicis

Answer 18

origin = transverse head (metacarpal III) and oblique head (capitate and bases of metacarpals II and III)
inserts = base of proximal phalanx and extensor hood of thumb
ulnar nerve
adducts thumb

Question 19

State the origin, insertion, innervation and function of opponens digiti minimi

Answer 19

origin = hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum
inserts = medial aspect of MC V
ulnar nerve
laterally rotates MC V (little finger twisting to touch the thumb)

Question 20

State the origin, insertion, innervation and function of abductor digiti minimi

Answer 20

origin = pisiform, pisohamate ligament and tendon of FCU
inserts = proximal phalanx of little fingers
ulnar nerve
abducts little finger

Question 21

State the origin, insertion, innervation and function of flexor digiti minimi

Answer 21

origin = hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum
inserts = proximal phalanx of little finger
ulnar nerve
flexes little finger

Question 22

Which artery mainly contributes to the deep palmer arch

Answer 22

radial artery

Question 23

Which artery mainly contributes to the superficial palmer arch

Answer 23

ulnar artery

Question 24

Why are there 2 palmar arches in the hand

Answer 24

allows for circulation to continue if one arch is blocked

Question 25

Which digits are innervated by the ulnar nerve

Answer 25

little finger and half of ring finger

Question 26

Which digits are innervated by the median nerve

Answer 26

thumb, index, middle and half of ring

Question 27

What supples the digits with blood?

Answer 27

digital branches of the superficial palmar arch

Question 28

What is palmar aponeurosis?

Answer 28

Palmaris apponeurosis
* A triangular condensation of deep fascia that covers the palm and is anchored to the skin on distal regions
* Apex of triangle is continuous with the palmaris longus tendon, when present- otherwise anchored to flexor retinaculum- fibres radiate to extensions at the bases of the digits that project into each of the fingers- a lesser extent to the thumb
* Transverse fibres interconnect the more longitudinally arranged bundle that continue into digits

Question 29

Describe the flexor retinaculum

Answer 29

Thick connective tissue ligament that bridges the space between the medial and lateral sides of the base of arch

Question 30

What allows creep movement of tendon in carpal tunnel?

Answer 30

Synovial sheaths

Question 31

What muscle tendons are surrounded by single synovial sheaths?

Answer 31

All tendons of flexor digitorum profundus and superficialis

Question 32

Where does the median nerve pass through the carpal tunnel in relation to the tendon?

Answer 32

Anterior to tendons

Question 33

Where does the ulnar artery and nerve and tendon of palmaris longus pass into the hand?

Answer 33

Passes anterior to flexor retinaculum does not pass through carpal tunnel