Palm of the hand Flashcards
List the names of the 8 carpal bones and draw their layout
list the proximal row and the distal row from lateral to medial
proximal row = scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform
distal row = trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate
What bones do the metacarpal bones connect to distally and proximal y?
priximally = carpal bones
distally = phalangeal bones
Which two joints connect the phalangeal bones?
the distal interphalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints
What is the role of the retinaculum and where is it found
a fibrous covering that covers surfaces at transition zones to tether tendons and prevent bowstringing
found at the surface of the carpal tunnel and in joints of the phalanges
What are the boundaries of the carpal tunnel
roof =flexor retinaculum
base =
medially - pisiform and hook of hamate
laterally = scaphoid and trapezium
What structures pass through the carpal tunnel
4 tendons of flexor digitorum profundus, 4 tendons of flexor digitorum superficialis, tendon of flexor pollicis longus and the median nerve
State the origin, insertion, innervation and function of palmaris brevis
origin = palmar aponeurosis and flexor retinaculum
insertion = dermis of skin on medial margin of hand
innervation = ulnar nerve
improves grip
State the origin, insertion, innervation and function of the 4 dorsal interossei muscles
origin = adjacent sides of metacarpals
inserts = extensor hood and base of proximal phalanges of index, middle and ring fingers
innervation = ulnar nerve
abducts the dingers at matacarpophalangeal joints
State the origin, insertion, innervation and function of the 3/4 palmar interossei muscles
origin = side of metacarpals
inerstion = extensor hoods or thumb, index, ring and little fingers
innervation = ulnar nerve
adducts thumb index ring and little fingers at metacarophalangeal joints
State the origin, insertion, innervation and function of the lumbrical muscles
origin = tendons of flexor digitorum profundus
insertion = extensor hoods or index, ring, middle and little fingers
innervation = medial two by the ulnar, lateral two by the median
flexes the metacarpophalangeal joints while extending interphalangeal joints
Which muscles of the hand are intrinsic
lumbircals, palmar and dorsal interossei, the thenar and hypothenar muscles
Which muscles of the hand are extrinsic
flexor carpi ulnaris/radialis, palmaris longus, flexor digitorum superficialis/profundus, flexor pollicis longus
List the thenar muscles of the hands
opponens pollicis
abductor pollicis brevis
flexor pollicis brevis
adductor pollicis
List the hypothenar muscles of the hands
opponens digiti minimi
abductor digiti minimi
flexor digiti minimi
State the origin, insertion, innervation and function of opponens pollicis
origin = tubercle of trapezium and flexor retinaculum
insetion = lateral surface and palmar surface of metacarpal I
median nerve
medially rotates thumb - opposition to touch pinky finger
State the origin, insertion, innervation and function of abductor pollicis brevis
origin = tubercle of scaphoid and trapezium and flexor retinaculum
inserts = proximal phalanx and extensor hood of thumb
median nerve
abducts thumb
State the origin, insertion, innervation and function of flexor pollicis brevis
origin = tubercle of trapezium and flexor retinaculum
insertion = proximal phalanx of thumb
median nerve
flexes thumb
State the origin, insertion, innervation and function of adductor pollicis
origin = transverse head (metacarpal III) and oblique head (capitate and bases of metacarpals II and III)
inserts = base of proximal phalanx and extensor hood of thumb
ulnar nerve
adducts thumb
State the origin, insertion, innervation and function of opponens digiti minimi
origin = hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum
inserts = medial aspect of MC V
ulnar nerve
laterally rotates MC V (little finger twisting to touch the thumb)
State the origin, insertion, innervation and function of abductor digiti minimi
origin = pisiform, pisohamate ligament and tendon of FCU
inserts = proximal phalanx of little fingers
ulnar nerve
abducts little finger
State the origin, insertion, innervation and function of flexor digiti minimi
origin = hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum
inserts = proximal phalanx of little finger
ulnar nerve
flexes little finger
Which artery mainly contributes to the deep palmer arch
radial artery
Which artery mainly contributes to the superficial palmer arch
ulnar artery
Why are there 2 palmar arches in the hand
allows for circulation to continue if one arch is blocked
Which digits are innervated by the ulnar nerve
little finger and half of ring finger
Which digits are innervated by the median nerve
thumb, index, middle and half of ring
What supples the digits with blood?
digital branches of the superficial palmar arch
What is palmar aponeurosis?
Palmaris apponeurosis
* A triangular condensation of deep fascia that covers the palm and is anchored to the skin on distal regions
* Apex of triangle is continuous with the palmaris longus tendon, when present- otherwise anchored to flexor retinaculum- fibres radiate to extensions at the bases of the digits that project into each of the fingers- a lesser extent to the thumb
* Transverse fibres interconnect the more longitudinally arranged bundle that continue into digits
Describe the flexor retinaculum
Thick connective tissue ligament that bridges the space between the medial and lateral sides of the base of arch
What allows creep movement of tendon in carpal tunnel?
Synovial sheaths
What muscle tendons are surrounded by single synovial sheaths?
All tendons of flexor digitorum profundus and superficialis
Where does the median nerve pass through the carpal tunnel in relation to the tendon?
Anterior to tendons
Where does the ulnar artery and nerve and tendon of palmaris longus pass into the hand?
Passes anterior to flexor retinaculum does not pass through carpal tunnel
