Posterior thigh and popliteal region Flashcards
Which three muscles form the hamstring muscles
biceps femoris long head
semitendinosus
semimembranosus
Which vein drains the lateral surface of the leg and calf and empties into the popliteal vein
small saphenous vein
State the origin, insertion, innervation and action of semitendinosus
o = ischial tuberosity
i = medial surface of proximal tibia
sciatic nerve L5,S1,S2
knee flexion, hip extension, medially rotate leg and knee joint and thigh at hip joint
State the origin, insertion, innervation and action of semimembranosus
o = ischial tuberosity
i = groove on medial posterior surface of medial tibial condyle
sciatic nerve L5,S1,S2
knee flexion, hip extension, medially rotate leg at knee joint and thigh at hip joint
Is the semitendinosus or semimembranosus more deep?
the semimembranosus lies deep to the semitendinosus
Where does the sciatic nerve lie in relation to the long head of biceps femoris
posteriorly
What does the sciatic nerve divide into
the tibial nerve and common fibular nerve
State the origin, insertion, innervation and action of the long head of biceps femoris
o = ischial tubersity
i = head of the fibular
sciatic nerve L5,S1,S2
knee flexion, hip extension, lateral rotation of thigh at hip joint and leg at knee joint
Why is the short head of biceps femoris not considered a hamstring muscle
because it doesnt attach at the hip joint
State the superior and inferior boundaries of the popliteal fossa
superior medial = semitendinosus and semimembranosus
superior lateral = biceps femoris
inferior = medial and lateral heads of gastrocnemius
State the contents of the popliteal fossa
popliteal artery
popliteal vein
tibial nerve
common fibular nerve
At what marker does the popliteal artery become the tibial and fibular artery
at the inferior border of popliteus
State the origin, insertion, innervation and action of popliteus
o = lateral femoral condyle
i = proximal tibia
tibial nerve
unlocks the knee and stabilises it
Which posterior leg muscles flex the leg at the knee joint
gastrocnemius and popliteus
Which posterior leg muscles plantar flex and invert the foot
gastrocnemius, soleus, plantar is and tibialis posterior
Which posterior leg muscles flex the digits
flexor digitorum longus and flexor hallucis longus
Which osteological feature of the tibia can be felt at the ankle
the medial malleolus
Which structure protects the tarsal tunnel
the flexor retinaculum
What structures pass through the tarsal tunnel
tibialis posterior
flexor digitorum longus
posterior tibial artery
tibial nerve
flexor hallucis longus
What are the superficial 3 muscles of the posterior leg and what structure do they fuse to form
gastrocnemius, plantaris and soleus - form the calcaneal tendon/achilles
What are the 3 deep muscles of the posterior leg
flexor digitorum longus, tibialis posterior, flexor hallucis longus
State the origin, insertion, innervation and action of gastrocnemius
o = medial head (distal femur superior to medial condyle) and lateral head (surface of lateral femoral condyle)
i = calcaneal tendon to posterior surface of calcaneus
tibial nerve S1,2
plantarflexes foot and flexes knee
State the origin, insertion, innervation and action of plantaris
o = inferior lateral subracondylar line of femur and oblique popliteal ligament of knee
i = via calcaneal tendon to posterior surface of calcaneus
tibial nerve S1,2
plantarflexes foot and flexes knee
State the origin, insertion, innervation and action of soleus
o = soleal line and tendinous arch between the tibia and fibula
i = via calcaneal tendon to posterior surface of calcaneus
tibial nerve S1,2
plantarflexes foot
State the origin, insertion, innervation and action of flexor hallucis longus
o = posterior surface if fibula and adjacent interosseous membrane
i = plantar surface of distal phalanx of great toe
tibial nerve S2,3
flexes great toe
State the origin, insertion, innervation and action of flexor digitorum longus
o = medial posterior surface of tibia
i = plantar surface of bases of distal phalanges of lateral 4 toes
tibial nerve S2,3
flexes lateral 4 toes
State the origin, insertion, innervation and action of tibialis posterior
o = posterior surface of interosseous membrane and adjacent regions of tibia and fibula
i = mainly to tuberosity of navicular and adjacent medial cuneiform
tibial nerve L4,5
inversion and plantarflexion of the foot, support of medial arch while walking
