Gluteal region Flashcards

1
Q

Which 3 structures compose the hip

A

ilium, ischium and pubis

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2
Q

Which bone is in the thigh?

A

femur

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3
Q

which bones make up the leg

A

tibia and fibular

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4
Q

Draw the femur and label the following - head, neck, greater/lesser trochanter, linea aspera, medial/lateral epicondyle, pectineal line

A

check powerpoint

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5
Q

What is the role of muscles in the anterior compartment of the upper and lower limbs

A

upper limb = flexors
lower limb = extensors

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6
Q

What is the role of muscles in the upper and lower limb in the posterior compartment

A

upper limb = extensors
lower limb = flexors

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7
Q

What is a dermatome

A

a cutaneous area supplied by a single spinal nerve

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8
Q

What is cutaneous innervation

A

an area of skin innervated by a specific cutaneous nerve

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9
Q

State the artery, vein and nerve of each compartment of the thigh

A

anterior = femoral artery, vein and nerve
medial = femoral artery and vein, obturator nerve
posterior = profunda femoris artery and vein, sciatic nerve

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10
Q

What three compartments make up the thigh

A

anterior medial and posterior

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11
Q

What three compartments make up the leg

A

anterior, lateral and posterior

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12
Q

State the artery vein and nerve in each compartment of the leg

A

anterior = anterior tibial artery and vein, deep fibular nerve
lateral = anterior tibial artery and vein, superficial fibular nerve
posterior = posterior tibial artery and vein, tibial nerve

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13
Q

State the arteries and nerves of the foot

A

artery = deep and superficial plantar arches
nerve = medial and lateral plantar and deep fibular

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14
Q

State the function of each compartment of the thigh

A

anterior = extend leg
medial = adducts thigh
posterior = flex leg

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15
Q

State the function of each compartment of the leg

A

anterior = dorsiflexion of foot, digit extension, inversion of food
lateral = eversion of foot
posterior = plantar flex ion of foot, flex ion of digits

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16
Q

Which muscles at the hip are superficial and abduct/extend

A

gluteus maximums, medius and minimus, tensor fascia lata

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17
Q

Which muscles at the hip are deep lateral rotators

A

quadratus femoris, piriformis, gemellus superior and inferior, obturator internus

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18
Q

State the main arteries of the lower limb as you go more distally

A

common iliac, external iliac, femoral, popliteal, splits to posterior and anterior tibial and then to lateral and medial plantar. superficial and deep plantar arches

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19
Q

State the main veins of the lower limb as you go more distally

A

femoral, popliteal, splits to anterior and posterior tibial, great saphenous and small saphenous

20
Q

State the origin, insertion, innervation and action of gluteus medius

A

o = external surface of ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal lines
i = elongate facet on lateral surface of greater trochanter
superior gluteal nerve
abducts femur, medially rotates thigh and keeps pelvis secure

21
Q

State the origin, insertion, innervation and action of piriformis

A

o = anterior surface of sacrum between anterior sacral foramina
i = medial side of superior border of greater trochanter
S1+S2 branches
laterally rotates femur and abducts flexed femur at the hip are

22
Q

State the origin, insertion, innervation and action of obturator internus

A

o = anterolateral wall of the pelvis and deep surface of obturator membrane
i = medial side of greater trochanter
nerve to obturator internus (L5 + S1)
laterally rotates extended femur and abducts flexed femur

23
Q

State the origin, insertion, innervation and action of quadratus femoris

A

o = lateral aspect of ischium just anterior to ischial tuberosity
i = quadrate tubercle on intertrochantic crest of proximal femur
L5 + S1, nerve to QF
laterally rotates femur at h hip joint

24
Q

What nerve extends from the inferior border of piriformis

A

sciatic nerve

25
State the origin, insertion, innervation and action of gluteus maximus
o = posterior ilium, sacrum, coccyx and sacrotuberous ligament i = iliotibial tract and gliuteal tuberosity of femur inferior gluteal nerve extends femur at hip, laterally rotates and abducts thigh
26
State the origin, insertion, innervation and action of superior gemeilli
o = external surface of ischial spine i = length of superior obturator internus and into medial greater trochanter with obturator internus tendon L5 + S1, nerve to OI laterally rotates extended femur and abducts flexed femur
27
State the origin, insertion, innervation and action of inferior gemelli
o = upper aspect of ischial tuberosity i = length of inferior surface of OI tendon into medial greater trochanter with OI tendon nerve to QF - L5 + S1 laterally rotates extended femur and abducts flexed femur
28
What is the function of the lower limb?
Support the weight of the body Specialised for - Locomotion Balance Maintance of posture Supporting body weight
29
30
What are the cutaneous nerve of the leg?
Lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh L2-3 Posteior cutaneous nerve of thigh S1-S3 Lateral Sural cutaneous nerve
31
Where does the dermatome L1 cover?
Over the inguinal ligament
32
Where does the dermatome L2 COVER?
Lateral side of thigh
33
Where does L3 cover?
Lower medial side of thigh
34
Where does L4 cover
Medial side of great toe
35
What does L5 cover
Medial side of digit II
36
What does S1 cover
Little toe
37
What does S2 cover
Back of thigh
38
What does S3 cover
Skin over gluteal fold
39
What control flexion of hip
L1 and 2
40
What is extension of the knee controlled by
L3 AND 4
41
What does knee flexion controlled by
L5 TO S2
42
What is plantar flexion controlled by
S1 2
43
What is abduction of digits controlled by
S2 and S3
44
45
Where does the sciatic nerve enter
Through the greater sciatic foramen inerior to the piriformis muscle It
46
Through the greater sciatic foramen inerior to the piriformis