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Posterior abdominal wall Flashcards

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1
Q

List all of the branches of the abdominal aorta

A

coeliac trunk, superior mesenteric artery, inferior mesenteric artery, middle supra renal arteries, renal arteries, testicular/ovarian arteries, inferior phrenic arteries, lumbar arteries, median sacral artery, common iliac arteries

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2
Q

What is the origin of the coeliac trunk and what does it supply

A

immediately inferior to the aortic hiatus in the diaphragm, supplies the abdominal foregut

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3
Q

What is the origin of the superior mesenteric artery and what parts does it supply?

A

immediately inferior to the coeliac trunk, supplies abdominal midgut

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4
Q

What is the origin of the inferior mesenteric artery and what parts does it supply?

A

inferior to the renal arteries, supplies abdominal hindgut

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5
Q

What is the origin of the middle suprarenal arteries and what parts does it supply?

A

immediately superior to the renal arteries, supply suprarenal glands

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6
Q

What is the origin of the renal arteries and what parts does it supply?

A

immediately inferior to the superior mesenteric artery. supplies the kidneys

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7
Q

What is the origin of the testicular/ovarian arteries and what parts does it supply?

A

inferior to the renal arteries, supply the testes and ovaries

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8
Q

What is the origin of the inferior phrenic arteries and what parts does it supply?

A

immediately inferior to the aortic hiatus, supplies the diaphragm

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9
Q

What is the origin of the lumbar arteries and what parts does it supply?

A

four pairs, running along the abdominal aorta, supply the posterior abdominal wall and spinal cord

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10
Q

What is the origin of the median sacral artery?

A

just superior to the aortic bifurcation, passes inferiorly across lumbar vertebrae, sacrum and coccyx

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11
Q

What is the origin of the common iliac arteries?

A

bifurcation of the aorta at L4

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12
Q

What are the contents of the posterior abdominal wall?

A

lumbar vertebrae + invertebral discs
posterior abdominal wall muscles
diaphragm (superior part)
fascia
lumbar plexus
vessels - IVC, aorta
lymph nodes
fat

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13
Q

What are the muscular parts (insertions) of the diaphragm?

A

sternal part (xiphoid process)
costal part - inferior 6 ribs and costal cartilages
lumbar part - L1-3 vertebra (right and left crura)

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14
Q

What is the aponeurotic part of the diaphragm

A

the central tendon

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15
Q

What is the median arcuate ligament of the diaphragm?

A

a tendinous arch that connects the crura across the midline

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16
Q

What is the medial arcuate ligament of the diaphragm?

A

fascia of the upper psoas major muscle that has thickened. attached medially to L1 and L2

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17
Q

What is the lateral arcuate ligament of the diaphragm?

A

a facia thickening of the quadrat us lumborum

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18
Q

What is the diaphragm innervated by? motor, sensory and peripheral parts?

A

motor and sensory = phrenic nerve C3,4 and 5
peripheral part = innervated by lower 6/7 intercostal nerves and subcostal nerves

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19
Q

Which side of the midline does the IVC always lie on?

A

the left side

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20
Q

What shape are the right and left adrenal glands?

A

right = pyramid
left = crescent

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21
Q

What are the contents of the posterior abdominal wall?

A

Lumbar vertebrae and invertebral discs
• Muscles
• Diaphragm
• Fascia
• Lumbar plexus
• Vessels e.g IVC and aorta
• Lymph nodes
• Fat

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22
Q

How is the diaphragm attached to the vertebra?

A

p crura

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23
Q

What is the origin, insertion, innervation and function of psoas major?

A

Origin: Lateral surface of bodies of T12 and L1 to L5 vertebrae, transverse process of lumbar vertebrae and intervertebral discs between T12-L5.
Insertion: Lesser trochanter of femur
Innervation: Anterior rami of L1-L3
Function: flexion of thigh joint

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24
Q

What is the origin, insertion, innervation and function of psoas minor?

A

Origin: Lateral surface of bodies o T12 and L1 vertebrae and intervening intervertebral discs.
Insertion: Pectineal line of the pelvic brim and illiopubic eminence
Innervation: Anterior rami of L1
Function: Depress the stabilise rib12 and some lateral bending of trunk

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25
What is the superior suprarenal artery a branch of?
the inferior phrenic artery
26
What is the origin, insertion, innervation and Function?
Origin- upper two thirds of illiacus fossa , anterior sacro-illiacus and iliolumbar ligaments and upper lateral surface of sacrum Insertion - lesser trochanter of femur Innervation - femoral nerve (L2-L4) Function- Flexion of thigh at hip joint
27
What is the middle suprarenal artery a branch of?
The abdominal aorta
28
What is the inferior suprarenal artery a branch of?
the renal artery
29
What vertebrae levels do the kidneys lie in?
T12-L3
30
Which kidney lies lower and why?
The right rib due to the presence of the liver superiorly
31
Order these structures from anterior to posterior: renal vein,pelvis and artery
most anterior = renal vein renal artery most posterior = renal pelvis
32
What lies between renal pyramids in the kidneys
renal columns
33
What structure is around the outside of the kidneys
the renal capsule
34
What are the branches of the Inferiorly vena cava in order?
Right suprarenal vein Left renal vein Left suprarenal vein Left testicular or ovarian vein Right testicular or ovarian vein Common Illiacus vein
35
What structure does the ureter emerge from in the kidneys?
the renal pelvis
36
What is the venous drainage of the GI tract?
GI TRACT > Hepatic portal vein > liver > hepatic veins > IVC
37
List 3 variations/conditions of the kidney that can occur
horseshoe kidneys = left and right fuse just inferior to the inferior mesenteric artery pelvic kidney stag horn calculus = large branching kidney stone that fills all/most of the kidneys collecting system
38
How is the lymph from the alimentary tract, liver, spleen and pancreas drained?
Lymphatic vessels travel along the coeliac trunk, superior mesenteric artery to the pre-aortic lymph nodes. Efferent vessels from theses nodes join to form intestinal lymphatic trunk.
39
What is the ureter?
a muscular duct 25-30cm long, passes over the pelvic brim at the bifurcation of the common iliac arteries, a retroperitoneal structure
40
How is the lymph from the posterior abdominal wall, kidney, ureters and testes or ovaries drained?
The lymphatic vessels drain into the lumbar lymph nodes (that lie on IVC and aorta). Efferent vessels from nodes join to form- lumbar lymphatic trunks
41
What are the nerves of the lumbar plexus in order?
1. Illiohypogastric nerve 2. Ilioinguinal nerve 3. Genitofemoral nerve 4. Lateral femoral cutaneous 5. Obturator 6. Femoral
42
Where are the 3 points of constriction on the ureter and what can occur at these stages?
can be potential sites of obstruction by uteric/kidney stones 1 - between the junction of the ureter and the renal pelvis 2 - where the ureters cross the pelvic brim 3 - during their passage through the wall of the urinary bladder
43
What part of the body does the thoracic duct drain?
Upper left, lower left and lower right
44
What is a variation that can occur in the ureter?
can be bifid (2 ureters on one side)
45
What part of the body does the right lymphatic duct drain?
Right upper
46
What nerves does iliohypogastric and Ilioinguinal nerve r come from?
Both come from L1 ( 2 from 1)
47
Where does genitofemoral nerve come from?
Anterior rami of L1 and L2
48
What are the unpaired visceral branches of the aorta and what do they supply?
supply the GI tract, spleen, pancreas, gallbladder and liver coeliac trunk superior mesenteric inferior mesenteric
49
Where does the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve come from?
Anterior rami of L2 and L3
50
What are the paired visceral branches of the aorta and what do they supply?
supply the kidneys, adrenal glands and gonads suprarenal renal gonadal - testicular/ovarian
51
Where does the orburator nerve come from?
L2, L3 L4
52
What are the unpaired parietal branches of the aorta and what do they supply?
musculoskeletal structures of the abdominal wall median sacral artery
53
Where does the femoral nerve come from?
L2 L3 L4
54
What does the iliohypogastric nerve innervate?
Muscle of abdominal wall Skin of suprapubic region
55
What are the paired parietal branches of the aorta and what do they supply?
musculoskeletal structures of the abdominal wall inferior phrenic lumbar
56
What does the Ilioinguinal nerve innervate?
• muscle of abdominal wall • Skin of antero medial part of the thigh • Skin of scrotum and root of penis • Skin of labia majora and root clitois
57
What vertebral level are the unpaired visceral branches at?
coeliac trunk = T12 superior mesenteric artery = L1 inferior mesenteric artery = L3/4
58
What does the lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh innervate?
Skin of the antero lateral part of thigh
59
What the femoral nerve innervate?
Illiacus Muscles of the thigh that flex the thigh and extend the knee
60
What does the genitofemoral nerve innervate?
Genital branch- cremaster muscle, skin of anterior scrotum (male), skin of labia majora and mon pubis (Female) • Femoral branch- skin of upper and anterior part of thigh
61
At what vertebral level does the abdominal aorta bifurcate into the two common iliac arteries?
L4
62
What does the orbutrator nerve do?
Adductor muscle of the thigh
63
What does the lumbosacral trunk do?
Participate in the formation of the sacral plexus

Anatomy (24 decks)

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