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Anatomy > Posterior abdominal wall > Flashcards

Posterior abdominal wall Flashcards

1
Q

List all of the branches of the abdominal aorta

A

coeliac trunk, superior mesenteric artery, inferior mesenteric artery, middle supra renal arteries, renal arteries, testicular/ovarian arteries, inferior phrenic arteries, lumbar arteries, median sacral artery, common iliac arteries

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2
Q

What is the origin of the coeliac trunk and what does it supply

A

immediately inferior to the aortic hiatus in the diaphragm, supplies the abdominal foregut

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3
Q

What is the origin of the superior mesenteric artery and what parts does it supply?

A

immediately inferior to the coeliac trunk, supplies abdominal midgut

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4
Q

What is the origin of the inferior mesenteric artery and what parts does it supply?

A

inferior to the renal arteries, supplies abdominal hindgut

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5
Q

What is the origin of the middle suprarenal arteries and what parts does it supply?

A

immediately superior to the renal arteries, supply suprarenal glands

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6
Q

What is the origin of the renal arteries and what parts does it supply?

A

immediately inferior to the superior mesenteric artery. supplies the kidneys

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7
Q

What is the origin of the testicular/ovarian arteries and what parts does it supply?

A

inferior to the renal arteries, supply the testes and ovaries

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8
Q

What is the origin of the inferior phrenic arteries and what parts does it supply?

A

immediately inferior to the aortic hiatus, supplies the diaphragm

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9
Q

What is the origin of the lumbar arteries and what parts does it supply?

A

four pairs, running along the abdominal aorta, supply the posterior abdominal wall and spinal cord

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10
Q

What is the origin of the median sacral artery?

A

just superior to the aortic bifurcation, passes inferiorly across lumbar vertebrae, sacrum and coccyx

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11
Q

What is the origin of the common iliac arteries?

A

bifurcation of the aorta at L4

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12
Q

What are the contents of the posterior abdominal wall?

A

lumbar vertebrae + invertebral discs
posterior abdominal wall muscles
diaphragm (superior part)
fascia
lumbar plexus
vessels - IVC, aorta
lymph nodes
fat

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13
Q

What are the muscular parts (insertions) of the diaphragm?

A

sternal part (xiphoid process)
costal part - inferior 6 ribs and costal cartilages
lumbar part - L1-3 vertebra (right and left crura)

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14
Q

What is the aponeurotic part of the diaphragm

A

the central tendon

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15
Q

What is the median arcuate ligament of the diaphragm?

A

a tendinous arch that connects the crura across the midline

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16
Q

What is the medial arcuate ligament of the diaphragm?

A

fascia of the upper psoas major muscle that has thickened. attached medially to L1 and L2

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17
Q

What is the lateral arcuate ligament of the diaphragm?

A

a facia thickening of the quadrat us lumborum

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18
Q

What is the diaphragm innervated by? motor, sensory and peripheral parts?

A

motor and sensory = phrenic nerve C3,4 and 5
peripheral part = innervated by lower 6/7 intercostal nerves and subcostal nerves

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19
Q

Which side of the midline does the IVC always lie on?

A

the left side

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20
Q

What shape are the right and left adrenal glands?

A

right = pyramid
left = crescent

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21
Q

What are the contents of the posterior abdominal wall?

A

Lumbar vertebrae and invertebral discs
• Muscles
• Diaphragm
• Fascia
• Lumbar plexus
• Vessels e.g IVC and aorta
• Lymph nodes
• Fat

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22
Q

How is the diaphragm attached to the vertebra?

A

Cura

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23
Q

What is the origin, insertion, innervation and function of psoas major?

A

Origin: Lateral surface of bodies of T12 and L1 to L5 vertebrae, transverse process of lumbar vertebrae and intervertebral discs between T12-L5.
Insertion: Lesser trochanter of femur
Innervation: Anterior rami of L1-L3
Function: flexion of thigh joint

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24
Q

What is the origin, insertion, innervation and function of psoas minor?

A

Origin: Lateral surface of bodies o T12 and L1 vertebrae and intervening intervertebral discs.
Insertion: Pectineal line of the pelvic brim and illiopubic eminence
Innervation: Anterior rami of L1
Function: Depress the stabilise rib12 and some lateral bending of trunk

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25
Q

What is the superior suprarenal artery a branch of?

A

the inferior phrenic artery

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26
Q

What is the origin, insertion, innervation and Function?

A

Origin- upper two thirds of illiacus fossa , anterior sacro-illiacus and iliolumbar ligaments and upper lateral surface of sacrum
Insertion - lesser trochanter of femur
Innervation - femoral nerve (L2-L4)
Function- Flexion of thigh at hip joint

27
Q

What is the middle suprarenal artery a branch of?

A

The abdominal aorta

28
Q

What is the inferior suprarenal artery a branch of?

A

the renal artery

29
Q

What vertebrae levels do the kidneys lie in?

30
Q

Which kidney lies lower and why?

A

The right rib due to the presence of the liver superiorly

31
Q

Order these structures from anterior to posterior: renal vein,pelvis and artery

A

most anterior = renal vein
renal artery
most posterior = renal pelvis

32
Q

What lies between renal pyramids in the kidneys

A

renal columns

33
Q

What structure is around the outside of the kidneys

A

the renal capsule

34
Q

What are the branches of the Inferiorly vena cava in order?

A

Right suprarenal vein
Left renal vein
Left suprarenal vein
Left testicular or ovarian vein
Right testicular or ovarian vein
Common Illiacus vein

35
Q

What structure does the ureter emerge from in the kidneys?

A

the renal pelvis

36
Q

What is the venous drainage of the GI tract?

A

GI TRACT > Hepatic portal vein > liver > hepatic veins > IVC

37
Q

List 3 variations/conditions of the kidney that can occur

A

horseshoe kidneys = left and right fuse just inferior to the inferior mesenteric artery
pelvic kidney
stag horn calculus = large branching kidney stone that fills all/most of the kidneys collecting system

38
Q

How is the lymph from the alimentary tract, liver, spleen and pancreas drained?

A

Lymphatic vessels travel along the coeliac trunk, superior mesenteric artery to the pre-aortic lymph nodes. Efferent vessels from theses nodes join to form intestinal lymphatic trunk.

39
Q

What is the ureter?

A

a muscular duct 25-30cm long, passes over the pelvic brim at the bifurcation of the common iliac arteries, a retroperitoneal structure

40
Q

How is the lymph from the posterior abdominal wall, kidney, ureters and testes or ovaries drained?

A

The lymphatic vessels drain into the lumbar lymph nodes (that lie on IVC and aorta). Efferent vessels from nodes join to form- lumbar lymphatic trunks

41
Q

What are the nerves of the lumbar plexus in order?

A
  1. Illiohypogastric nerve
  2. Ilioinguinal nerve
  3. Genitofemoral nerve
  4. Lateral femoral cutaneous
  5. Obturator
  6. Femoral
42
Q

Where are the 3 points of constriction on the ureter and what can occur at these stages?

A

can be potential sites of obstruction by uteric/kidney stones
1 - between the junction of the ureter and the renal pelvis
2 - where the ureters cross the pelvic brim
3 - during their passage through the wall of the urinary bladder

43
Q

What part of the body does the thoracic duct drain?

A

Upper left, lower left and lower right

44
Q

What is a variation that can occur in the ureter?

A

can be bifid (2 ureters on one side)

45
Q

What part of the body does the right lymphatic duct drain?

A

Right upper

46
Q

What nerves does iliohypogastric and Ilioinguinal nerve r come from?

A

Both come from L1 ( 2 from 1)

47
Q

Where does genitofemoral nerve come from?

A

Anterior rami of L1 and L2

48
Q

What are the unpaired visceral branches of the aorta and what do they supply?

A

supply the GI tract, spleen, pancreas, gallbladder and liver

coeliac trunk
superior mesenteric
inferior mesenteric

49
Q

Where does the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve come from?

A

Anterior rami of L2 and L3

50
Q

What are the paired visceral branches of the aorta and what do they supply?

A

supply the kidneys, adrenal glands and gonads

suprarenal
renal
gonadal - testicular/ovarian

51
Q

Where does the orburator nerve come from?

52
Q

What are the unpaired parietal branches of the aorta and what do they supply?

A

musculoskeletal structures of the abdominal wall

median sacral artery

53
Q

Where does the femoral nerve come from?

54
Q

What does the iliohypogastric nerve innervate?

A

Muscle of abdominal wall
Skin of suprapubic region

55
Q

What are the paired parietal branches of the aorta and what do they supply?

A

musculoskeletal structures of the abdominal wall

inferior phrenic
lumbar

56
Q

What does the Ilioinguinal nerve innervate?

A

• muscle of abdominal wall
• Skin of antero medial part of the thigh
• Skin of scrotum and root of penis
• Skin of labia majora and root clitois

57
Q

What vertebral level are the unpaired visceral branches at?

A

coeliac trunk = T12
superior mesenteric artery = L1
inferior mesenteric artery = L3/4

58
Q

What does the lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh innervate?

A

Skin of the antero lateral part of thigh

59
Q

What the femoral nerve innervate?

A

Illiacus
Muscles of the thigh that flex the thigh and extend the knee

60
Q

What does the genitofemoral nerve innervate?

A

Genital branch- cremaster muscle, skin of anterior scrotum (male), skin of labia majora and mon pubis (Female)
• Femoral branch- skin of upper and anterior part of thigh

61
Q

At what vertebral level does the abdominal aorta bifurcate into the two common iliac arteries?

62
Q

What does the orbutrator nerve do?

A

Adductor muscle of the thigh

63
Q

What does the lumbosacral trunk do?

A

Participate in the formation of the sacral plexus

Anatomy (19 decks)

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