Inguinal Canal

Question 1

Where does the inguinal ligament extend from and to?

Answer 1

Extends from the anterior superior illiac spine to the pubic tubercle

Question 2

What is the inguinal canal?

Answer 2

A passage in the anterior abdominal wall that in men conveys the spermatic cord and in women the round ligament of uterus- extends between the superficial and deep inguinal ring.

Question 3

Where does the spermatic cord enter the inguinal canal?

Answer 3

Through the deep inguinal ring.

Question 4

Where does the spermatic cord exit the inguinal canal?

Answer 4

The superficial inguinal ring.

Question 5

What makes up the anterior wall of the inguinal canal?

Answer 5

Aponeurosis of external oblique

Question 6

What makes up the posterior wall of the inguinal canal?

Answer 6

Transversalis fasica

Question 7

What makes up the roof of the inguinal canal?

Answer 7

Musculo-aponeurtic arches of external oblique, musculo-aponeurotic arches of internal oblique, transverse abdominal and transversalis fascia.

Question 8

What makes up the floor of the inguinal canal?

Answer 8

Inguinal ligament

Question 9

Where do the testes develop? And where do they lie after 9 months?

Answer 9

They develop in the posterior abdominal wall and within 9 months the lie in the scrotum

Question 10

What is the function of the gubernaculum?

Answer 10

A cord like structures that directs the testes from the posterior abdominal wall to the scrtoum

Question 11

What is the processus vagnialis? What forms from this?

Answer 11

Extension of the peritoneum- so forms the parietal and visceral layer that covers the testes called the the tunica vaginalis

Question 12

What layers from the abdominal wall is involved in the descent of the testes?

Answer 12

Peritoneum, transversalis fascia, internal oblique, external oblique aponeurosis, scarpas fascia and the skin

Question 13

Once the testes have descented, what do the layers of the spermatic cord names change to?
1. External oblique aponeurosis
2. Internal oblique muscle
3. Transversalis fascia
4- peritoneum
(Hope that makes sense)

Answer 13

1. External spermatic fascia
2. Cremaster muscle
3. Internal spermatic fascia
4. Tunica vaginalis (parietal and visceral)

Question 14

The spermatic cord is surrounded by fascial covering from each other the anterior abdominal muscles. What are these fascial coverings?

Answer 14

• External spermatic fascia ( external oblique fascia)
• Cremasteric muscle and fascia (fascia around internal oblique)
• Internal spermatic fascial (transversalis fascia)

Question 15

What are the contents of the spermatic cord?

Answer 15

Ductus vas deferents
Testicular artery
Artery of ductus deferens
Pampiniform venous plexus
Cremasteric artery
Sympathetic nerve fibres
Genital branch of genitofemoral nerve
Lymphatics

Question 16

What is the role of the epididymis?

Answer 16

Storage and maturation of spem

Question 17

What is a direct inguinal hernia?

Answer 17

Occur through back wall of inguinal canal
Result of weakened inguinal canal wall that happens as a person ages-
Often caused by straining or lifting something heavy
More common in men

Question 18

What is a direct inguinal hernia?

Answer 18

Occur through back wall of inguinal canal
Result of weakened inguinal canal wall that happens as a person ages-
Often caused by straining or lifting something heavy
More common in men

Question 19

What is an indiret inguinal hernia?

Answer 19

Present at birth. Common in males- when one or both of inguinal canals do not close during fetal development- this failure to fully close can result in organs in the abdomen being pushed. Outward. Certain gene may increase the risk of developing inguinal hernias

Question 20

What is the function of the cremaster muscle

Answer 20

raises and lowers the testes to optimal scrotal temperature. spermatogensis requires temperature around 1 degree below core body temperature

Question 21

Name the layers of the spermatic cord and where they derive from

Answer 21

external spermatic fascia -> from external oblique
cremaster muscle -> from internal oblique
internal spermatic fascia -> from transversalis fascia

Question 22

What is the superficial inguinal ring and what is it formed by

Answer 22

lies superolateral to the pubic tubercle and is formed by an invagination of the external oblique

Question 23

What is the surface landmark for the deep inguinal ring

Answer 23

mid-inguinal point between the ASIS and pubic tubercle

Question 24

Give a brief account of migration of the developing testes from the abdomen to the scrotum before birth

Answer 24

testes descend through inguinal canal. fibrous gubernaculum connects the testes to the site of the future deep ring and contracts to pull the testes down. processes vaginalis is an extension of the peritoneum and pulls testes down into scrotum

Question 25

describe the origins of the inferior epigastric artery

Answer 25

branch from the external iliac artery above the inguinal ligament, anastoses with the superior at the rectus sheath