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Anatomy > Digestion > Flashcards

Digestion Flashcards

1
Q

What three vessels form the portal triad and what are their locations in the triad

A

bile duct = anterior right
hepatic artery = anterior left
portal vein = posterior

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2
Q

What are pro-caval anastomoses and the 3 examples in the abdomen

A

tissue areas where blood drains to both the hepatic portal system and the caval veins
the distal oesophagus, rectum and superficial abdomen

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3
Q

What do the right and left hepatic ducts join to form

A

The common hepatic ducts

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4
Q

What duct exits the gallbladder and what does it join with to form?

A

the cystic duct leaves the gallbladder and joins with the common hepatic duct to form the bile duct

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5
Q

What part of the duodenum does the main pancreatic duct and the bile duct enter? What sphincter guards it?

A

the hepatopancreatic ampulla, guarded by hepatopancreatic sphincter and major duodenal papilla

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6
Q

What does the major duodenal papilla mark the transition between

A

the foregut and midgut

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7
Q

What does the main pancreatic duct do

A

carries pancreatic juice to the duodenum

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8
Q

What is the function of the jejenum and ileum and where is it?

A

site of absorption of folic acid, bile salts and vitamin B12
begins at the duodenojejunal flexure and ends at the ileocaecal junction

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9
Q

How can you tell the jejenum and ileum apart

A

jejenum has longer and fewer vasa recta. has less fat deposited in the mesentary so more light will shine through when held up

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10
Q

What are the flexures called on the right and left side of the transverse colon

A

right side = hepatic flexure. slightly lower than the left due to the liver being larger
left side = splenic flexure

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11
Q

What is the location of the appendix normally

A

retrocaecal

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12
Q

Which surface landmark would be tender to touch in acute appendicitis and where is it

A

McBurney’s point = 1/3 lateral of line between the ASIS and umbilicus

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13
Q

Which muscles make up the iliopsoas muscle and what is its function

A

the psoas major, psoas minor and iliacus. muscle flexes the hip joint and stabilisies the back during walking, standing and running

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14
Q

What are appendices epiploicae

A

fatty projections of the large intestine

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15
Q

What are taeniae coli

A

3 bands of the longitudinal layer of smooth muscles in the walls

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16
Q

What are haustra

A

sacculations of the wall between teniae coli

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17
Q

What is the function of the superior mesenteric artery and what level does it arise from the aorta?

A

to supply the midgut
at L1

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18
Q

What branches off from the superior mesenteric artery

A

middle colic artery
right colic artery
ileocolic artery -> further divides into colic, caecal, appendicular and ilial arteries
jejunal artery
inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery

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19
Q

What is the function of the inferior mesenteric artery and what level does it arise from

A

supplies the hindgut and drains into the splenic vein
L3

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20
Q

What branches off from the inferior mesenteric artery

A

left colic -> both ascending and descending branches
sigmoid arteries
superior rectal arteries

21
Q

What nerves form the greater splanchnic nerve and which ganglia and plexus do they pass through to supply?

A

T5-9
pass through celiac ganglia and celiac plexus to supply the foregut

22
Q

Which nerves form the lesser splanchnic nerve and which ganglia and plexus do they pass through to supply?

A

T10+11
pass through superior mesenteric ganglia, superior mesenteric plexus to supply the midgut

23
Q

Which nerve forms the least splanchnic nerve and what ganglia and plexus foes it pass through to supply?

A

T12
superior mesenteric ganglia and plexus
supplies the midgut

24
Q

Which nerves supply the lumbar splanchnic nerves and what ganglia and plexus do they pass through to supply?

A

L1-3
the inferior mesenteric ganglia and plexus
supplies the hindgut

25
Q

Which nerves form the pelvic splanchnic nerves and what two plexus’ do they pass through to supply

A

S2-4
passes through the inferior hypogastric plexus, superior hypogasrtric plexus to supply the hindgut

26
Q

What artery supplies the descending colon?

A

Left colic artery

27
Q

What arteries supply the sigmoid colon?

A

Sigmoid arteries

28
Q

What arteries supply the rectum?

A

Superior rectal artery

29
Q

At what level does the descending aorta bifurcate?

A

L4

30
Q

What is the round ligament of the liver (ligamentum teres) a remnant of?

A

the umbilical vein

31
Q

What are the names of the 2 lobes super and inferior to the porta hepatis of the liver?

A

superior = caudate lobe
inferior = quadrate lobe

32
Q

What is the ligamentum venosum in the liver a remnant of? what was its original function?

A

the ductus venosus, duct connected the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava to bypass the liver

33
Q

What are the two ligaments of the liver and what are their roles?

A

coronary ligament = attached liver to the diaphragm
falciform ligament = connects liver to the abdominal wall

34
Q

What is the bare area of the liver?

A

the area with no peritoneal covering

35
Q

Where does the uncinate process located?

A

the part of the duodenum located to the left and behind the superior mesenteric vessels

36
Q

List the regions of the duodenum

A

superior
descending
inferior
ascending

37
Q

What are the regions of the pancreas

A

uncinate reprocessing
as
head
neck
body
tail

38
Q

What are the borders of the spleen? Anteriorly, posteriorly, inferiorly and medially

A

anteriorly = stomach
posteriorly = diaphragm
inferiorly = left colic flexure
medially = left kidney

39
Q

What veins drain blood from the bowels

A

None

40
Q

Compare the roles of the portal vein and the hepatic vein

A

portal vein = drains blood from GI tract. blood is low in oxygen but high in nutrients. blood still contains around 40% more oxygen than blood in systemic circulation
hepatic vein = drains blood into inferior vena cava

41
Q

What tributaries join to form the portal vein

A

the splenic vein and superior mesenteric vein

42
Q

Where does the inferior mesenteric vein drain into

A

the splenic vein or the junction between the splenic vein and superior mesenteric vein

43
Q

What is the porta hepatis?

A

The point of entry for the liver for the hepatic arteries and portal vein and exit for elastic ducts

44
Q

What ligament connect the liver to the stomach?

A

Hepatogastric ligament

45
Q

What connects the liver to the duodenum?

A

Hepatoduodenal ligament

46
Q

What connect the liver to the diaphragm?

A

Right and left triangular ligaments and anterior and posterior coronary ligaments

47
Q

What is the arterial supply of the liver?

A

Right hepatic artery and left hepatic artery

48
Q

What veins join to form the portal vein?

A

Splenic unites with superior mesenteric vein to form

Anatomy (11 decks)

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