The Study Of A Habitat

Question 1

Mapping: factors to consider

Answer 1

flat or hilly ground? exposed or surrounded by walls? north or south?

Question 2

5 fauna

Answer 2

ladybird
greenfly
blackbird
caterpillar
rabbit

Question 3

5 flora

Answer 3

buttercup
broadleaf grasses
dandelion
daisy
nettle

Question 4

ladybird adaptation

Answer 4

bright colours warn off predators because of bad taste, strong mouthparts to consume aphids

Question 5

greenfly adaptation

Answer 5

green colour gives camouflage

Question 6

buttercup adaptation

Answer 6

bright flowers to attract insects for pollination

Question 7

dandelion adaptation

Answer 7

parachutes on seeds for ease of dispersal

Question 8

to calculate frequency of an organism

Answer 8

quadrat

Question 9

to calculate the percentage cover of an organism

Answer 9

gridded quadrat

Question 10

frequency formula

Answer 10

number of quadrats containing organism divided by number of quadrats thrown

Question 11

percentage cover formula

Answer 11

number of hits divided by the total number of points (x100 for %)

Question 12

pooter

Answer 12

used to collect insects, spiders, grass hoppers
method:
1. place flexible tube over the organism
2. suck through the other tube with gauze until the organism is in the jar

Question 13

beating tray

Answer 13

used to collect insects, spiders, caterpillars
method:
1. place under a tree/bush
2. shake or beat the tree/bush until the organisms fall onto the beating tray

Question 14

pitfall trap

Answer 14

used to collect crawling insects, snails
method:
1. place intoa hole in the soil
2.cover with a raised rock to prevent drowning

Question 15

sweep net

Answer 15

used to collect insects,spiders
method:
1. sweep along tall grass or hedges
2. identify the organisms caught

Question 16

mammal trap

Answer 16

used to collect mice, shrews
method:
1. place some bait into the trap and leave in the habitat for a period of time
2. once the organism enters, the trap door will close behind it so it cannot escape

Question 17

food web example 4 levels

Answer 17

leaves- snail- hedgehog- fox

Question 18

abiotic factors in an ecosystem

Answer 18

soil pH, air temperature/soil temperature, light intensity

Question 19

soil pH effect

Answer 19

affects plant distribution; some plants might favour alkaline soil so it wont go in acidic soil

Question 20

air temperature/ soil temperature effect

Answer 20

temperature can affect the rate of photosynthesis as it is controlled by enzymes. a higher temperature will increase photosynthesis rate, leading to faster plant growth

Question 21

light intensity effect

Answer 21

light is needed for photosynthesis, so more light intensity will increase the rate of photosynthesis. shaded areas may have less plants growing as a result a lack of light.

Question 22

soil pH instrument and method

Answer 22

instrument: pH meter
1. place probe into the soil and record result after one minute
2. results can be made more reliable by taking many samples

Question 23

air temperature/soil temperature instrument and method

Answer 23

instrument: thermometer/ soil thermometer
1. record the air temperature with a thermometer/ place the thermometer into the soil and record
2. results can be made more reliable by taking many samples

Question 24

light intensity instrument and method

Answer 24

instrument: photographic light meter
1. hold the meter out and record the light intensity
2. repeat for varying degrees of light intensity for more reliable results
errors: accidental shading

Question 25

identify sources of error in your survey

Answer 25

miscounting
misidentification of a plant/animal
sample taken was not random
sample size was too small

Question 26

factors that may affect the results of a survey

Answer 26

weather conditions: animals hide away, insects cannot fly in the wind
small sample size may not show the presence of rare plants or animals
age, sex and condition the organism is in may influence its location

Question 27

human impact on grassland ecosystem

Answer 27

deforestation and pollution

Question 28

deforestation

Answer 28

by cutting trees habitats are destroyed, food sources for organisms who rely on trees as a source of food can be short in supply as result, leading to death or the need for organisms to migrate to another habitat for food.

Question 29

pollution

Answer 29

can lead to air pollution which can cause respiratory issues for organisms who inhale toxic air as a result of air pollution caused by the use of vehicles on the road and industrial factories releasing smoke into the atmosphere.

Question 30

Subjective

Answer 30

A personal judgment as to the number (not recommended)

Question 31

Objective

Answer 31

An independent method of calculating numbers is used