Cell Diversity Flashcards
tissue
a group of similar cells that are adapted to carry out the same function
organ
a group of tissues that work together to carry out a function
eg heart
plant example: roots, leaves, stem
organ system
a number of organs working together to carry out one or more functions
eg circulatory system
tissue culture
the growth of cells in or on a sterile nutrient medium outside an organism, in vitro
in vitro
outside the organism in an artificial environment
plant tissue examples
epithelial tissue
vascular tissue
epithelial tissue
structure: tightly packed layer of cells
function: protection, gas exchange
adaptation: closely packed/flattened cells
location: epidermis
vascular tissue
structure: long narrow continuous tubes
function: transport water
adaptation: xylem vessels are lignified continuous tubes with narrow lumen
location: stem, in vascular bundle, beside phloem
animal tissue examples
muscle tissue
nervous tissue
muscle tissue
structure: muscle fibres
function: movement
adaptation: flexible and can contract
location: gut, blood vessels
nervous tissue
structure: neurons (nerve cells))
function: carry electrical impulses to, from and within the brain
adaptation: long
location: brain (interneurons), muscles, skin (sensory neurons, motor neurons)
conditions necessary for tissue culture
nutrients
oxygen
suitable pH
suitable temperature
applications of tissue culture: plants
micropropagation - plant breeding
the growth of a large number of plants from plant tissues
benefits: large numbers of genetically identical plants produced
applications of tissue culture: animals
skin grafts
growth of human skin from stem cells on a medium outside an organism(requires release of energy from oxygen)
benefits: used to treat burn victims, new skin is identical to the patients skin
continuity
all living things arise from living things of the same type
