The Cell Structure

Question 1

organelle

Answer 1

a specialised cellular part that has a specific function

eg mitochondrion

Question 2

protoplasm

Answer 2

nucleus and cytoplasm

the living parts of the cell

Question 3

cytosol

Answer 3

liquid part of the cell where glycolysis occurs

Question 4

cell ultrastructure

Answer 4

the detail of a cell as seen under an electron microscope

Question 5

eukaryotic

Answer 5

organisms whose cell contain a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles
eg animals, plants

Question 6

prokaryotic

Answer 6

organisms whose cells do not contain a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles
eg bacteria

Question 7

permeable

Answer 7

let everything in and out (cell wall)

Question 8

semi permeable

Answer 8

let some things in and out (cell membrane, vacuole)

Question 9

impermeable

Answer 9

let nothing in and out

Question 10

turgor

Answer 10

pressure of the cell contents (vacuole and cell membrane) against the cell wall

Question 11

cytoplasm

Answer 11

where all chemical reactions take place

Question 12

mitochondrion

Answer 12

powerhouse of the cell, site of respiration
more infoldings: greater surface area for energy production
contains DNA
inherited from mother

Question 13

ribosomes

Answer 13

make protein
site of protein synthesis
structure: rRNA joins two subunits of ribosome together

Question 14

cell membrane

Answer 14

semi permeable- controls the entry/exit of substances
retains cell contents
structure: phospholipid bilayer

Question 15

phospholipid bilayer

Answer 15

lipid tails in centre
phosphate heads on outside
proteins embedded at random

Question 16

nucleus

Answer 16

control centre of the cell
site of transcription
structure: double membrane
pores: allows entry and exit of molecules
contains DNA in the form of chromosomes
nucleolus: makes ribosomes

Question 17

chloroplast

Answer 17

site of photosynthesis
contains the pigment chlorophyll: absorbs sunlight and contains electrons
contains DNA
structure: light stage: granum
dark stage: stroma

Question 18

cell wall

Answer 18

shape, support, strength

structure: composed of cellulose- gives strength

Question 19

vacuole

Answer 19

provides support

stores: salts, sugars, pigments
structure: large, semi permeable

Question 20

function of the diaphragm on microscope

Answer 20

adjusts the amount of light reaching the slide

Question 21

light or compound microscope

Answer 21

shines through sample for viewing

Question 22

transmission electron microscope

Answer 22

shines a beam of electrons through sample for viewing

Question 23

stain used for animal cells

Answer 23

methylene blue