The Senses

Question 1

five senses

Answer 1

smell: through nasal passages
taste: tongue (bitter,sweet,salty,sour)
touch: skin
hearing: ear
sight: eye

Question 2

central nervous system function

Answer 2

interprets, sorts and processes incoming impulses

Question 3

skull

Answer 3

protects brain

Question 4

cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 4

protects brain and spinal cord

Question 5

meninges

Answer 5

protects brain and spinal cord

Question 6

cerebrum

Answer 6

largest part of brain
located in forebrain
functions:
-sorts impulses specifically from sensory neurons
-memory, emotions, language, smell, hearing, vision, taste

Question 7

hypothalamus

Answer 7

homeostasis

Question 8

cerebellum

Answer 8

located in hind brain

-control and co ordination of voluntary movements: speech, movement, balance

Question 9

medulla oblongata

Answer 9

located in part of brainstem

-controls involuntary actions: breathing, swallowing

Question 10

thalamus

Answer 10

located in forebrain

-sorts impulses and sends to the correct part of the brain

Question 11

the skin functions

Answer 11

protection
-epidermis protects against entry of pathogens
-melanin: protects against UV rays
-sebum: keeps skin moist, protects skin from cracking, acid nature kills bacteria
excretion
temperature regulation
vit D production

Question 12

epidermis cells

Answer 12

produce keratin
build up of keratin causes hardening of cells
more keratin causes cells in cornified layer to dei

Question 13

malpighian layer

Answer 13

produces melanin

Question 14

dermis

Answer 14

contains connective tissue, protects internal organs

Question 15

skin in hot conditions

Answer 15

skin receptors detect a change in temperature, send message to the brain:

• more sweat is produced by sweat glands
• vasodilation of skin arterioles

Question 16

vasodilation of skin arterioles

Answer 16

blood vessels near surface of the skin dilate
more blood flows near skin surface
heat lost by evaporation of sweat

Question 17

skin in cold conditions

Answer 17

skin receptors detect a change in temperature, send message to the brain:

• piloerection
• vasoconstriction of skin arterioles
• increased metabolism

Question 18

increased metabolism

Answer 18

more thyroxine produced, more heat generated from respiration

Question 19

the ear functions

Answer 19

hearing

balance

Question 20

pinna

Answer 20

structure: cartilage
function: collect sound waves and channels them into the auditory canal

Question 21

auditory canal

Answer 21

carries vibrations to eardrum

contains hair and wax glands to trap dirt and germs

Question 22

eardrum

Answer 22

membrane that vibrates when sounds hit

differences in air pressure cause vibrations

Question 23

eustachian tube

Answer 23

location: connects middle ear to the pharynx
function: keeps air pressure equal on each side of the eardrum
how: opens when we swallow, cough

Question 24

ossicles

Answer 24

3 small bones: hammer, anvil, stirrup

pick up and amplify the sound

Question 25

how sound is amplified

Answer 25

oval window is smaller than eardrum

Question 26

cochlea

Answer 26

electrical impulse generated by cochlea travel to brain via auditory nerve vibrations stimulated as pressure waves in lymph these pressure waves stimulate receptors vibrations lost back into the middle ear at the round window

Question 27

semi-circular canals

Answer 27

three to allow balance in three planes function: balance and posture how: controlled by vestibular apparatus, detects position and movement of head, receptors send impulses through the vestibular nerve to the cerebellum

Question 28

how sound is detected/ mechanism of the ear

Answer 28

1. sound waves are collected by the pinna 2. waves travel along the ear canal 3. waves make the eardrum vibrate 4. ossicles amplify vibrations 5. cochlea turns these into electrical signals 6. auditory nerve takes signals to the brain

Question 29

ear disorder

Answer 29

glue ear cause: collection of sticky fluid in middle ear as a result of a blocked eustachian tube symptoms: pain, pus formation, hearing loss treatment: nose drops with decongestants grommet (drains fluid)

Question 30

the eye function

Answer 30

sight

Question 31

accomodation

Answer 31

ability of the lens to change its shape

Question 32

eyelids

Answer 32

cover and protect the eye | eyelashes and tears provide external protection

Question 33

sclera

Answer 33

holds shape of the eye | opaque white of the eye

Question 34

conjuctiva

Answer 34

transparent part of the sclera that protects sclera from infection

Question 35

pupil

Answer 35

allows light into eye bright light: pupil constricts so less light can enter, avoids damage to retina dim light: pupil dilates to increase amount of light entering eye

Question 36

iris

Answer 36

controls the amount of light entering the eye through the pupil contracting

Question 37

what gives eye colour

Answer 37

melanin

Question 38

lens

Answer 38

focuses the light rays on the retina by changing curvature with the help of the ciliary body adaption: transparent, curved

Question 39

ciliary body

Answer 39

controls shape of the lens when looking at near or far objects

Question 40

suspensory ligaments

Answer 40

attach ciliary body to lens

Question 41

cornea

Answer 41

lets light in and bends light rays towards the retina | adaptation: transparent and curved

Question 42

retina

Answer 42

contains light receptor cells and converts light into nerve impulses

Question 43

light receptor cells

Answer 43

rods: at retina, detect black and white and vision in dim light cones: at fovea, detect colour and vision in bright light

Question 44

fovea

Answer 44

part of the retina that contains cones | where light rays join and an accurate image is focused

Question 45

choroid

Answer 45

contains blood vessels supplying nourishment to the eye | contains melanin, which absorbs light into the eye and prevents internal reflection

Question 46

aqueous humour

Answer 46

watery keeps shape of the cornea and lens located in front of the eye between the cornea and lens

Question 47

vitreous humour

Answer 47

viscous exerts pressure to support eye and gives shape located in back of the eye behind the lens

Question 48

blind spot

Answer 48

an area with no rods and cones on the retina | allows optic nerve fibres to pass through the retina and leave the eye

Question 49

optic nerve

Answer 49

contains axons that carry optic nerve impulses to the cerebrum

Question 50

cerebrum

Answer 50

interprets information received from retina and gives vision

Question 51

how the eye takes in light and transmits the impulse to the brain

Answer 51

1. the pupil allows light into the eye and is controlled by the iris, depending on how much light the eye is exposed to 2. cornea bends light toward the retina 3. lens focuses light on the retina 4. light rays join at the fovea and an accurate image is focused 5. retina converts light into electrical impulses 6. optic nerve carries the nerve impulses to the cerebrum where they are interpreted

Question 52

benefits of having two eyes

Answer 52

increased visual field | 3D vision