The Skeleton and Muscles Chp36

Question 1

What are the functions of the skeleton

Answer 1

support, protection, movement, shape and manufacture of blood components

Question 2

Parts of the axial skeleton

Answer 2

skull, spine and rib cage

Question 3

What are the bones in the spine

Answer 3

Cervical(7), thoracic(12), lumbar(5), sacrum(5) and coccyx(4)

Question 4

What are the rib bones

Answer 4

top 7 are true ribs, next 3 are false ribs, bottom 2 are floating ribs

Question 5

What is the appendicular skeleton

Answer 5

the limbs, the pectoral girdle(shoulder) and the pelvic girdle(hip)

Question 6

What bones are in the pectoral girdle

Answer 6

the collarbone(clavicle) and the shoulder blade(scapula)

Question 7

What bones are in the pelvic girdle

Answer 7

the 2 halves of the hip joined to the sacrum

Question 8

What is the function of cartilage

Answer 8

protects bones by acting as a shock absorber and allows friction free movement

Question 9

Parts of a long bone

Answer 9

epiphysis(head), diaphysis(shaft), cartilage(ends of bone) and periosteum( membrane around bone)

Question 10

Internal structure of long bones

Answer 10

Compact bone, spongy bone, medullary cavity

Question 11

Function of compact bone

Answer 11

strength and flexibility

Question 12

Function of spongy bone

Answer 12

makes blood cells and gives strength and rigidity to the skeleton

Question 13

Function of medullary cavity

Answer 13

holds red and yellow bone marrow and stores fat/ makes blood

Question 14

What is osteoblast

Answer 14

bone forming cell

Question 15

What is the growth plate

Answer 15

the area between the epiphysis and the diaphysis in a long bone within which bone growth occurs

Question 16

What are osteoclast

Answer 16

bone digesting cells

Question 17

What is a joint

Answer 17

where 2 or more bones meet

Question 18

Type of joints

Answer 18

immovable joints, slightly movable joints, synovial joints

Question 19

Example of immovable joints

Answer 19

skull, pelvic girdle

Question 20

Example of slightly immovable joints

Answer 20

vertebrae

Question 21

Example of synovial joints

Answer 21

Ball and socket joints (shoulder) and hinge joints (elbow)

Question 22

What is a ligament

Answer 22

strong fibrous slightly elastic tissues that connect bone to bone

Question 23

What is a tendon

Answer 23

strong flexible inelastic fibres that connect muscle to bone

Question 24

What is a musculoskeletal disorder

Answer 24

Arthritis

Question 25

What is a cause of arthritis

Answer 25

cartilage in synovial joints wearing down

Question 26

What is a prevention for arthritis

Answer 26

reducing damage to joints/ avoid running on hard surfaces or wearing proper footwear

Question 27

What is a treatment for arthritis

Answer 27

rest, anti-inflammatory meds or surgery to replace the joint

Question 28

Types of muscle

Answer 28

skeletal, smooth and cardiac

Question 29

Functions of skeletal muscle

Answer 29

tires quickly and is controlled voluntary e.g. bicep

Question 30

Functions of smooth muscle

Answer 30

slow to tire and is controlled involuntary e.g. digestive system

Question 31

Functions of cardiac muscle

Answer 31

found in the heart, does not tire easily, involuntary

Question 32

What are antagonistic pairs

Answer 32

two muscles that have opposite effects to each other