The Skeleton and Muscles Chp36 Flashcards
What are the functions of the skeleton
support, protection, movement, shape and manufacture of blood components
Parts of the axial skeleton
skull, spine and rib cage
What are the bones in the spine
Cervical(7), thoracic(12), lumbar(5), sacrum(5) and coccyx(4)
What are the rib bones
top 7 are true ribs, next 3 are false ribs, bottom 2 are floating ribs
What is the appendicular skeleton
the limbs, the pectoral girdle(shoulder) and the pelvic girdle(hip)
What bones are in the pectoral girdle
the collarbone(clavicle) and the shoulder blade(scapula)
What bones are in the pelvic girdle
the 2 halves of the hip joined to the sacrum
What is the function of cartilage
protects bones by acting as a shock absorber and allows friction free movement
Parts of a long bone
epiphysis(head), diaphysis(shaft), cartilage(ends of bone) and periosteum( membrane around bone)
Internal structure of long bones
Compact bone, spongy bone, medullary cavity
Function of compact bone
strength and flexibility
Function of spongy bone
makes blood cells and gives strength and rigidity to the skeleton
Function of medullary cavity
holds red and yellow bone marrow and stores fat/ makes blood
What is osteoblast
bone forming cell
What is the growth plate
the area between the epiphysis and the diaphysis in a long bone within which bone growth occurs
What are osteoclast
bone digesting cells
What is a joint
where 2 or more bones meet
Type of joints
immovable joints, slightly movable joints, synovial joints
Example of immovable joints
skull, pelvic girdle
Example of slightly immovable joints
vertebrae
Example of synovial joints
Ball and socket joints (shoulder) and hinge joints (elbow)
What is a ligament
strong fibrous slightly elastic tissues that connect bone to bone
What is a tendon
strong flexible inelastic fibres that connect muscle to bone
What is a musculoskeletal disorder
Arthritis
