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Biology > DNA and RNA Chp15 > Flashcards

DNA and RNA Chp15 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is heredity

A

the passing on of features from parents to offspring by means of genes

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2
Q

What is a gene

A

a section of DNA that causes the production of a protein

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3
Q

What is gene expression

A

the way in which the genetic information in a gene is decoded in the cell and used to make protein

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4
Q

What are characteristics

A

traits or features that are inherited genetically

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5
Q

Structure of chromosomes

A

60% protein and 40% DNA

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6
Q

What is non-coding DNA

A

DNA that does not cause the production of a protein

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7
Q

What are the four DNA bases

A

adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine

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8
Q

What are the DNA base pairs

A

adenine and thymine, guanine and cytosine

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9
Q

What is genetic code

A

the sequence of bases in DNA that provide the instruction for a cell (using RNA) to form a protein

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10
Q

What is a triplet/codon

A

a sequence of three bases in DNA (or RNA) that act as a code for an amino acid

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11
Q

What is a DNA profile

A

a method of making a unique pattern of bands from the DNA of a person, which can then be used to compare with the DNA profile of another person

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12
Q

Method of preparing a DNA profile

A

DNA is released from cells, DNA is cut into fragments of different lengths, DNA fragments are separated according to their sizes, patterns produced by the fragments are compared or analysed

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13
Q

Application a DNA profiling

A

Crime, Medical

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14
Q

What is genetic screening

A

testing DNA for the presence or absence of a particular gene or an altered gene

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15
Q

Differences between DNA and RNA

A

DNA: has deoxyribose, has thymine, double stranded
RNA: has ribose, has uracil, single stranded

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16
Q

What is transcription

A

the copying of a sequence of genetic bases from DNA onto messenger RNA

17
Q

What is translation

A

the conversion of a sequence of genetic bases on messenger RNA into a sequence of amino acids

18
Q

What is a nucleotide

A

phosphate, sugar and a nitrogenous base

19
Q

Who discovered the double helix

A

James Watson and Francis Crick

20
Q

Learn steps to protein synthesis

A

page 181

21
Q

What are the purine bases

A

adenine and guanine

22
Q

What are the pyrimidine bases

A

thymine and cytosine

23
Q

Types of RNA

A

mRNA, tRNA, rRNA

24
Q

Function of mRNA

A

complementary strand to DNA, carries instruction for the production of a protein from DNA to a ribosome

25
Q

Functions of tRNA

A

has complementary anticodon to mRNA codon, carries an amino acid to the ribosome

26
Q

Function of rRNA

A

forms part of the structure of a ribosome, forms a weak bond with mRNA in the ribosome

27
Q

What is an anticodon

A

a sequence of three bases on tRNA that are complementary to a sequence of three bases on mRNA

Biology (34 decks)

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