Monera (Bacteria) Chp 20

Question 1

What are micro-organisms

Answer 1

small living things

Question 2

What is the basic structure of a bacteria cell

Answer 2

cell membrane, cell wall, cytoplasm, storage granule, ribosome, capsule, loop of DNA, plasmid, flagella

Question 3

What are the different types/shapes of bacteria

Answer 3

round, rod, spiral

Question 4

How do bacteria reproduce

Answer 4

binary fission

Question 5

Describe steps in binary fission

Answer 5

DNA copies itself and cell elongates and splits

Question 6

What is an endospore

Answer 6

tough wall that encloses DNA of bacteria letting it withstand harsh conditions

Question 7

What is an autotroph

Answer 7

an organism that makes its own food

Question 8

What is chemosynthesis

Answer 8

the production of food using energy released from chemical reactions

Question 9

What is a heterotroph

Answer 9

an organism that takes food made by another organism

Question 10

What are saprophytes

Answer 10

organisms that take in food from dead organic matter

Question 11

What are parasites

Answer 11

organisms that take food from a live host and usually cause harm

Question 12

What are the factors that affect the growth of bacteria

Answer 12

temperature, oxygen concentration, pH, external solute concentration, pressure

Question 13

What are the economic importance of bacteria (benefits)

Answer 13

used to convert milk to butter/yogurt/cheese, used to make insulin (genetic engineering)

Question 14

What are the economic importance of bacteria (disadvantages)

Answer 14

food decay, can cause disease (food poisoning)

Question 15

What are pathogenic bacteria

Answer 15

bacteria that cause diesease

Question 16

What are antibiotics

Answer 16

chemicals produced by micro-organisms that stop the growth of, or kill, other micro-organisms without damaging human tissue

Question 17

What are the phases of growth in bacteria

Answer 17

lag phase, log phase, stationary phase, decline phase ,survival phase

Question 18

What is batch culture

Answer 18

the growth of cells in a sealed container over a short period of time and under ideal conditions until all the nutrients are used up

Question 19

What is a bioreactor

Answer 19

a vessel or container in which living cells or their products are used to make a product

Question 20

What is continuous flow

Answer 20

the growth of cells in an open container where nutrients are added and the end products are removed all the time at a rate that maintains the volume of liquid and the number of cells