Genetic Engineering Chp18 Flashcards
What is genetic engineering
the artificial manipulation or alteration of genes
What are restriction enzymes
enzymes that cut DNA at specific places
What is DNA ligase
an enzyme that is used to combine the foreign DNA with the plasmid DNA
What is a cloning vector
a special kind of DNA that can accept foreign DNA and replicate itself and the foreign DNA
What are the processes of genetic engineering
isolation, cutting, ligation, transformation, introduction of base sequence changes, expression
What is isolation
the removal of the chromosome from the human cell and the plasmid DNA from the bacterium
What is ligation
the joining of two sections of DNA to form a single strand
What is transformation
the uptake of DNA into a cell
What is expression
the formation of the product by the organism with the recombinant DNA
Applications of genetic engineering
Plants: used in weed-killer-resistant crops, Animals: sheep produce a protein to treat emphysema, Micro-organisms: bacteria used to make insulin
