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Biology > The Human Defence System Chp37 > Flashcards

The Human Defence System Chp37 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a pathogen

A

an organism that causes disease

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2
Q

What is immunity

A

the ability to resist infection

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3
Q

General defence system: first line

A

skin, clotting, lysozyme, sebaceous glands, mucus, cilia, acid, beneficial bacteria

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4
Q

General defence system: second line

A

phagocytic white blood cells, interferons, complement, inflammation

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5
Q

Specific defence system: third line

A

monocytes, antibodies

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6
Q

What is the role of skin in the defence system

A

physical barrier to prevent pathogens from entering the body

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7
Q

What is the role of stomach acid in the defence system

A

kills many pathogens

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8
Q

What is the role of phagocytes in the defence system

A

engulf bacteria

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9
Q

What is the role of inflammation in the defence system

A

brings more white blood cells to the infection

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10
Q

What is the role of monocytes in the defence system

A

digests antigens and stimulates the production of antibodies

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11
Q

What is an antigen

A

a foreign molecule that stimulates the production of antibodies

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12
Q

What is an antibody

A

a protein produced by white blood cells in response to a specific antigen

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13
Q

What is induced immunity

A

the ability to resist disease caused by specific pathogens by the production of antibodies

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14
Q

What is active immunity

A

the production of a persons own antibodies in response to antigens that enter the body

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15
Q

Example of natural active immunity

A

pathogens enter the body from the environment e.g. common cold

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16
Q

Example of artificial active immunity

A

the pathogen enters the body due to a vaccine e.g. being vaccinated for the flu

17
Q

What is passive immunity

A

when individuals are given antibodies that were formed by another organism

18
Q

Example of natural passive immunity

A

antibodies enter the body in a normal manner e.g. placenta

19
Q

Example of artificial passive immunity

A

antibodies enter the body by injection e.g. anti-tetanus injection

20
Q

What is a vaccination

A

the administration of a non-disease-causing dose of a pathogen to stimulate the production of antibodies

21
Q

Function of plasma B cells

A

produce antibodies

22
Q

Characteristics of memory B cells

A

survive for years after the infection is eliminated and make the specific antibody if the same infection returns

23
Q

Function of helper T cells

A

Stimulate B cells and killer T cells

24
Q

Function of killer T cells

A

destroy abnormal human body cells

25
Q

Function of suppressor T cells

A

inhibits the immune response

26
Q

Characteristics of memory T cells

A

survive for years after the infection is eliminated and can stimulate the specific B cells and killer T cells if the same infection later enters the body

Biology (34 decks)

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