The Heart and Blood Vessels Chp26 Flashcards
What is an opened circulatory system
blood leaves blood vessels and flows around the cells of the animals body before re-entering blood vessels again
What is a closed circulatory system
blood remains in a continuous system of blood vessels
What are the different types of blood vessels
arteries, veins, capillaries
What direction does blood flow in the different blood vessels
arteries: carry blood away from the heart, vessels: carry blood toward the heart
What are the layers of arteries
inelastic protein outside, thick muscle and elastic fibre, endothelium and hollow lumen
What are the layers of veins
inelastic protein outside, thin muscle and elastic fibre, endothelium, hollow lumen
What is blood pressure
the force the blood exerts against the wall of a blood vessel
What do valves do
control the direction of blood flow
What are the characteristics of arteries
blood away from the heart, blood under high pressure, thick wall, small lumen, blood flows in pulses, valves absent, high oxygen
What are the characteristics of veins
blood toward the heart, under low pressure, thin wall, large lumen, blood flows smoothly, valves present, low oxygen
Structure of the heart
right and left atrium, right and left ventricles, divided by septum, vena cava and pulmonary artery on right of heart, left of diagram, aorta and pulmonary vein on left side of heart, right of diagram
What are the valves in the heart
tricuspid valve (r for right side of heart), bicuspid valve, semilunar valves
How does the blood flow in the heart
(LORD) Left Oxygenated Right Deoxygenated
What is the portal system
a blood pathway that begins and ends in capillaries
What is double circulation
means that the heart is a double pump, pumping blood to the lungs and the rest of the body through 2 chambers
What is the pulmonary circuit
Heart to lungs to heart
What is the systemic circuit
heart to body to heart
What are the differences between double and single circulation
double allows oxygenated and deoxygenated blood to be kept separate, ensures blood pressure is high enough to reach entire body
What is diastole
when the heart chambers relax
What is systole
when the heart chambers contract
Learn control of heart beat and stages of heart beat
page 306 and 307
What is a pulse
the alternate expansion and contraction of the arteries
What are the effects of smoking on the circulatory system
nicotine causes increased heart rates and raises blood pressure
What are the effects of diet on the circulatory system
Cholesterol increases risk of forming blockages (result in heart attacks/strokes), salt causes high blood pressure
