Genetic Crosses and Heredity Chp16 Flashcards
What are gametes
haploid cells that are capable of fusion
What is fertilisation
the union of two gametes to form a single cell called a zygote
What are alleles
different forms of the same gene
What is a dominant gene
the allele that prevents the recessive allele from being expressed
What is a recessive gene
the allele is prevented from being expressed by a dominant allele
What is a genotype
the genetic make-up of an organism, i.e. the genes that are present
What is a phenotype
the physical make-up, or appearance, of an organism
What are progeny
the offspring that are produced
What is homozygous
means that two alleles are identical
What is heterozygous
means that the alleles are different
What is incomplete dominance
means that neither allele is dominant or recessive with respect to the other. Both alleles are equally expressed in the heterozygous genotype to produce an intermediate phenotype
What is a pedigree
a diagram showing the genetic history of a group of related individuals
What is the law of segregation
inherited characteristics are controlled by pairs of alleles. These alleles segregate from each other at gamete formation, with only one member of the pair being found in each gamete
What is Gregor Mendel also known as
the father of genetics
What is a monohybrid cross
the study of a single characteristic
