Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants Chp39

Question 1

What is asexual reproduction

Answer 1

reproduction with only one parent

Question 2

What is sexual reproduction

Answer 2

involves the union of two sex cells or gametes

Question 3

What are gametes

Answer 3

haploid cells capable of fusion

Question 4

What are the parts of a flower

Answer 4

receptacle, sepals, petals, stamen (anther, filament), carpel (stigma, style, ovary)

Question 5

What is the function of the receptacle

Answer 5

supports the flower and where it grows from

Question 6

What is the function of the sepal

Answer 6

protect the flower as a bud

Question 7

What is the function of the petals

Answer 7

attract animals/insects

Question 8

What is the stamen

Answer 8

the male part of the flower

Question 9

What is the carpel

Answer 9

the female parts of the flower

Question 10

What is the function of the filament

Answer 10

holds up the anther

Question 11

What is the function of the anther

Answer 11

produces pollen

Question 12

What is the function of the stigma

Answer 12

where the pollen lands

Question 13

What is the function of the style

Answer 13

the pollen tube grows through during reproduction

Question 14

What is the function of the ovary

Answer 14

contains one or more ovules

Question 15

What is the structure of the pollen sac

Answer 15

4 chambers in the anther, with microspore mother cells inside

Question 16

Describe pollen grain development

Answer 16

microspore mother cells in the pollen sac divide by meiosis to produce four haploid cells (tetrad), this tetrad splits and divides by mitosis to produce 2 haploid nuclei (tube and generative nucleus)

Question 17

What is the structure of the ovule

Answer 17

2 walls (integuments) have a small open (micropyle)

Question 18

Describe the formation of the embryo sac

Answer 18

the megaspore mother cell is diploid and divides by meiosis to form 4 haploid cells and 3 die off, with the remaining cell being the embryo sac, the nucleus in the sac divides by mitosis 3 times to form 8 haploid nuclei

Question 19

What is pollination

Answer 19

the transfer of pollen from an anther to a stigma of a flower from the same species

Question 20

What is self-pollination

Answer 20

the transfer of pollen from an anther to a stigma on the same plant

Question 21

What is cross-pollination

Answer 21

the transfer of pollen from an anther to a stigma on a different plant

Question 22

What are the methods of pollination

Answer 22

wind pollination and animal pollination

Question 23

How have plants adapted to wind pollination

Answer 23

small or no petals that are green, large amounts of small, light, dry and smooth pollen, large anthers outside petals,

Question 24

How have plants adapted to animal pollination

Answer 24

large, brightly coloured petals, have nectaries, small amounts of heavy large sticky pollen, small anthers inside petals

Question 25

What is fertilisation

Answer 25

the union of the male and female gametes to form a diploid zygote

Question 26

Describe fertilisation in flowering plants

Answer 26

pollen grain lands on the stigma and tube nucleus makes pollen tube and degenerates when it reaches the micropyle, the generative nucleus divides by mitosis into 2 nuclei, one combines with the egg to make a zygote, the other joins with 2 polar nuclei to make a triploid endosperm nucleus

Question 27

What is the radicle

Answer 27

the part of the plant embryo that develops into the root

Question 28

What is the plumule

Answer 28

the part of the plant embryo that develops into the shoot

Question 29

What is a non-endospermic seed

Answer 29

a seed with no endosperm when fully formed

Question 30

What is a endospermic seed

Answer 30

a seed with endosperm when fully formed

Question 31

What develops into the fruit

Answer 31

ovary

Question 32

What develops into the seed

Answer 32

ovule

Question 33

How are seedless fruit produced

Answer 33

genetic engineering or using growth regulators like ethene

Question 34

What is dispersal

Answer 34

the transfer of a seed or fruit away from the parent plant

Question 35

Why is seed dispersal important

Answer 35

to avoid competition, increase chance of survival

Question 36

What are the types of seed dispersal

Answer 36

wind, water, animal and self

Question 37

What is an example of wind disperal

Answer 37

dandelion

Question 38

What is an example of water dispersal

Answer 38

coconut

Question 39

What is an example of animal dispersal

Answer 39

fruit eaten and pooped out

Question 40

What is an example of self-dispersal

Answer 40

peas can dry out and explode

Question 41

What is dormancy

Answer 41

a resting period when seeds undergo no growth and have reduced cell activity or metabolism

Question 42

What are the advantages of dormancy

Answer 42

allows plant to avoid harsh conditions, gives embryo time to develop, gives time for seed to disperse

Question 43

What is germination

Answer 43

the regrowth of the embryo after a period of dormancy if the environmental conditions are suitable

Question 44

What are the conditions necessary for germination

Answer 44

water, oxygen, suitable temperature

Question 45

What are the stages in seedling growth

Answer 45

germination occurs, radicle grows downward, plumule grows upwards, root develops and shoot grows first leaves