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Biology > The Nervous System Chp33 > Flashcards

The Nervous System Chp33 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the CNS

A

Central Nervous System (brain and spinal cord)

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2
Q

What is the PNS

A

Peripheral Nervous System (rest of the body/not brain or spinal cord)

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3
Q

What is a neuron

A

a nerve cell

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4
Q

What is a sensory neuron

A

takes a message from a sense organ to the CNS

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5
Q

What is a motor nueron

A

takes a message from the CNS to a muscle or a gland

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6
Q

What are the parts of a neuron

A

neurotransmitter swellings, axon, cell body, node of Ranvier, Schwann cell, myelin, dendrite

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7
Q

What is the function of a receptor

A

detects a stimulus

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8
Q

What is the function of nerve endings

A

connect sensory neurons to receptor cells or sense organs

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9
Q

What is the function of dendrites

A

carry impulses toward the cell body

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10
Q

What is the function of axons

A

carry impulses away from cell bodies

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11
Q

What is the function of Schwann cells

A

produce the myelin sheath

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12
Q

What is the function of myelin sheaths

A

insulates the electrical impulses

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13
Q

What is the function of the cell body

A

produces neurotransmitter chemicals

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14
Q

What is the function of neurotransmitter swellings

A

release chemicals that carry the impulse from one nerve cell to another

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15
Q

What is a ganglion

A

a group of cell bodies located outside the CNS

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16
Q

What is an interneuron

A

carries information between sensory and motor neurons

17
Q

What is the threshold

A

the minimum stimulus needed to cause an impulse to be carried in a neuron

18
Q

What is the all or nothing law

A

states that if the threshold is reached an impulse is carried, but if the threshold is not reached no impulse is carried

19
Q

What is the refractory period

A

a short time span after a neuron has carried and impulse during which a stimulus fails to cause a response

20
Q

What affects the speed of an impulse

A

myelin sheath, diameter of axon or dendrite (larger is faster)

21
Q

What is a synapse

A

a region where two neurons come into close contact

22
Q

What is a synaptic cleft

A

the tiny gap between the two neurons at the synapse

23
Q

Describe the passage of an impulse across a synapse

A

the impulse stimulates neurotransmitter swellings in the pre-synaptic neuron to release neurotransmitters that diffuse across the cleft, then it combines with receptors and is broken down while the impulse is sent

24
Q

What are the functions of the synapse

A

transmit impulses, control the direction of the impulse

25
Q

What are the parts of the brain

A

cerebrum (forebrain), cerebellum (hindbrain), medulla oblongata, thalamus, hypothalamus, pituitary gland

26
Q

What is the function of the cerebrum

A

controls voluntary movements

27
Q

What is the function of the cerebellum

A

balance and coordination

28
Q

What is the function of the medulla oblongata

A

controls involuntary movements (breathing, coughing)

29
Q

What is the function of the thalamus

A

the sorting centre of the brain

30
Q

What is the function of the hypothalamus

A

homeostasis

31
Q

What is the function of the pituitary gland

A

produces hormones

32
Q

What is a nervous system disorder

A

Parkinson’s disease

33
Q

What is the cause for Parkinson’s disease

A

when the brain doesn’t produce enough dopamine

34
Q

What is a treatment for Parkinson’s disease

A

physiotherapy, L-dopa

35
Q

What are the parts of the spinal cord

A

white matter, grey matter, central canal, dorsal root swelling, dorsal root, ventral root, sensory/motor/interneuron

36
Q

What is a reflex action

A

an automatic, involuntary, unthinking response to a stimulus

37
Q

What are the advantages of reflex action

A

protects the body from damaging stimulus

38
Q

What is a reflex arc

A

the pathway taken by a nerve impulse in a reflex action

Biology (34 decks)

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