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Biology > Cell Division Chp14 > Flashcards

Cell Division Chp14 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is cell continuity

A

means that all cells develop from pre-existing cells

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2
Q

What is a chromosome

A

coiled threads of DNA and protein that become visible in the nucleus at cell division

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3
Q

What is a gene

A

a section of DNA that contains instructions for the formation of a protein

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4
Q

What is a haploid cell

A

a cell with one set of chromosomes

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5
Q

What is diploid cell

A

a cell that has 2 sets of chromosomes

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6
Q

What is a homologous pair

A

two chromosomes of similar size with the same sequence of genes

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7
Q

What is the cell cycle

A

the changes that take place in a cell during the period between one cell division and the next

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8
Q

What is interphase

A

the phase in the cell cycle when the cell is not dividing

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9
Q

What is mitosis

A

a form of nuclear division in which one nucleus divides to form two nuclei, each containing the same number of chromosomes with identical genes

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10
Q

Function of mitosis in unicellular organisms

A

reproduction

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11
Q

Function of mitosis in multicellular organisms

A

growth and repair

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12
Q

What is cancer

A

a group of disorders in which certain cells lose their ability to control both the rate of mitosis and the number of times mitosis takes place

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13
Q

`What is a benign tumour

A

when the cells stop dividing after some time

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14
Q

What is a malignant tumour

A

the uncontrolled multiplication of abnormal cells

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15
Q

Causes of cancer

A

carcinogens (cigarette smoke, ultraviolet radiation, pesticides)

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16
Q

What is meiosis

A

a form of nuclear division in which the four daughter nuclei have half the number of chromosomes as the parent nuclei

17
Q

Function of meiosis

A

allows for variation and sexual reproduction

18
Q

Phases of mitosis

A

Prophase, metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

19
Q

What happens in prophase

A

spindle fibres form, nuclear membrane and nucleolus break down

20
Q

What happens in metaphase

A

spindle fibres attach to the centromere, chromosomes line up at the equator

21
Q

What happens in anaphase

A

spindle fibres contract pulling chromosomes to the poles

22
Q

What happens in telophase

A

Chromatin form, nuclear membrane forms, spindle fibres breakdown, nucleolus forms

23
Q

Cell division in animals

A

forms a cleavage furrow

24
Q

Cell division in plant cells

A

vesicles form cell plate

Biology (34 decks)

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