Human Nutrition Chp28

Question 1

What is a herbivore

Answer 1

animals that feed on plants

Question 2

What is a carnivore

Answer 2

animals that feed on animals

Question 3

What is an omnivore

Answer 3

animals that eat plants and animals

Question 4

What is digestion

Answer 4

the physical and chemical breakdown of food

Question 5

What is the importance of the digestive system

Answer 5

breaks down food into soluble nutrients to be absorbed for energy

Question 6

What is the main events in human nutrition

Answer 6

ingestion (taking food into the digestive system), digestion (physical and chemical breakdown of food), absorption (digested food enters the blood), egestion (removal of waste from the digestive system)

Question 7

Types of teeth

Answer 7

incisors, canines, premolars, molars

Question 8

What is the dental formula for an adult human

Answer 8

2(I2/2, C1/1, P2/2, M3/3)

Question 9

What is mechanical digestion

Answer 9

takes place in the mouth by the chewing and grinding action of teeth on food

Question 10

What is chemical digestion

Answer 10

digestion through enzymes e.g. amylase in the mouth, pepsin in the stomach

Question 11

What is peristalsis

Answer 11

a wave of muscular action in the walls of the alimentary canal that moves the contents along

Question 12

What is the role of fibre in the digestive system

Answer 12

stimulates peristalsis

Question 13

Role of mucus in the stomach

Answer 13

prevents self digestion

Question 14

Role of hydrochloric acid in the stomach

Answer 14

kills many bacteria, loosens fibrous and cellular foods, activates pepsinogens and dentures salivary amylase

Question 15

What is the role of the pancreas in the digestive system

Answer 15

secretes digestive materials such as amylase, lipase, salt sodium hydrogen carbonate

Question 16

Where does lipase and amylase produced in the pancreas act

Answer 16

duodenum

Question 17

What are the functions of the liver

Answer 17

breakdown red blood cells, making bile, breaking down excess amino acids to form urea, producing heat to warm the blood

Question 18

Where is bile produced and stored

Answer 18

the liver and the gall bladder

Question 19

What are the functions of bile

Answer 19

emulsify lipids, neutralise chyme from the stomach, excrete pigments

Question 20

What are the two parts of the small intestine

Answer 20

duodenum and ileum

Question 21

End products of digestion

Answer 21

carbohydrates (monosaccharides), proteins (amino acids), lipids (fatty acids and glycerol)

Question 22

What are villi

Answer 22

they line the duodenum and ileum to increase surface area for absorption

Question 23

What are the adaptations of villi for absorption

Answer 23

large numbers, large numbers of microvilli, walls are only one cell thick, have a rich blood supply

Question 24

What is a lacteal

Answer 24

inside each villi, contains liquid called lymph, fats carried to the bloodstream in lymph vessels

Question 25

What are the adaptations of the small intestine for absorption

Answer 25

very long, numerous villi and microvilli, walls of the villi are very thin, rich blood supply to carry away water-soluble products, villi have lymph supply to carry away the fats

Question 26

Parts of the large intestine

Answer 26

caecum, appendix, colon

Question 27

What is the function of the colon

Answer 27

reabsorb water

Question 28

Functions of symbiotic bacteria in the digestive system

Answer 28

bacteria in the colon feed on the waste and produce some B group vitamins and vitamin K, help break down food especially cellulose

Question 29

What is the importance of a balanced diet

Answer 29

to receive all the necessary nutrients for the human body