Enzymes and Energy Carriers Chp9,10 Flashcards
What is metabolism
the sum of all chemical reactions in the body
What is cellular energy
the energy stored in the bonds of biomolecules
What is a catalyst
a substance that speeds up a reaction without being used up in the reaction
Features of enzymes
made of protein, have specific shape for substrate
What are enzymes
proteins that speed up a reaction without being used up in the reaction
What is a substrate
the substance with which an enzyme reacts
What is a product
the substance the enzyme forms
Example of a catabolic enzyme
amylase, lipase, protease
Example of an anabolic enzyme
DNA ligase, DNA polymerase
What is a denatured enzyme
an enzyme that has lost its shape and can no longer function
Factors affecting enzyme activity
temperature, pH
What is bioprocessing
the use of enzyme controlled reactions to produce a product
What is a bioreactor
a vessel or container in which living cells or their products are used to make a product
What are immobilised enzymes
enzymes that are attached or fixed to each other or to an inert material
Advantages of immobilised enzymes
can be reused, cheaper than using free enzymes
What is the active site
the part of an enzyme that combines with the substrate
What is induced fit
when the enzyme changes shape to fit the substrate
What is enzyme specificity
each enzyme will react with only one particular substrate
What does ADP stand for
adenosine diphosphate
Structure of ADP
adenine-ribose-2 phosphates
What does ATP stand for
adenosine triphosphate
Structure of ATP
adenine-ribose-3 phosphates
Low energy molecule
ADP and NAD+/NADP+
High energy molecule
ATP and NADH/NADPH
