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Clinical Neuroscience > The Pain Matrix > Flashcards

The Pain Matrix Flashcards

1
Q

What is the following a definition of?

An upleasant sensory and emotional experience related to physical tissue injury or the potential for tissue damage to occur

A

Pain

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2
Q

Pain follows an intricate, variable interaction between ____ factors such as ____, ____ factors and ____ factors

A

Biological; genetics; psychological, social

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3
Q

The processing of nocicpetive stimuli and the perception of pain involves what?

A

Multifactorial and multipathway system

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4
Q

What parts of the brain does the Pain Matrix project to? (7)

A
  • Brainstem
  • Amyglada
  • Hypothalamas
  • Thalamus
  • Anterior Cingulate Cortex
  • Insula
  • Somatosensory Cortices
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5
Q

What are the 2 systems that the cortical represenation of pain been divided into?

A

Lateral pain system and medial pain system

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6
Q

Which signals transfer up the pain matrix when stimulated?

A

Peripheral Nociceptors

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7
Q

Which cortical representation of pain stimulus is this?

Recieves location and intensity of tissue damage or potential tissue damage

A

Lateral Pain System

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8
Q

Which cortical representation of pain stimulus is this?

Affective and cognitive responses to the signals

A

Medial Pain System

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9
Q

Name the structures of the lateral nociceptive system (3)

A
  • Somatosensory cortex
  • ventral posterolateral and ventral postermedial nuclei
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10
Q

Name the structures of the medial nociceptive system (11)

A
  • Insula
  • Cingulate Cortex
  • Prefrontal
  • Parietal Cortex
  • Amygdala
  • Ventral Striatum of the Basal Ganglia
  • Hypothalamus
  • Intralaminar nuclei
  • Periaqueductal gray
  • Reticular formation
  • Ventral Medulla
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11
Q

The discriminative aspect of understanding pain is what?

A

Ability to localize the site, timing, and intensity of tissue damage or potential damage

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12
Q

What is the discriminative aspect of pain processed by?

A

Travels the spinothalamic tract and is processed in the somatosensory cortex via the lateral pain system

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13
Q

What is the motivational-affective aspect of the pain experience?

A

Effects of pain experience on emotions and behavior

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14
Q

How the is the motivational-affective aspect processed?

A

Travels in the spinolimbic and spinoreticular tracts and then to emotional system

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15
Q

What is the cognitive-evaluative aspect of the pain experience?

A

The meaning that the person assigns to the pain

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16
Q

Does the pain matrix generate a top-down or down-top response to nociceptive signals that regulate affecrent nociceptive signals?

A

Top-down

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17
Q

What is the following a defintion of?

The top-down inhibition of pain signals

A

Antinociception

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18
Q

What is the following a defintion of?

The top-down amplification of pain signals

A

Pronociception

19
Q

What type of pain is this?

  • Serves as a warning system and serves to protect from tissue damage
  • Lasts for a short period of time and resolves after the noxious stimulus is removed or the tissue injury heals
A

Acute Pain

20
Q

What is acute pain detected by?

A

Sharp localizing pain, dull throbbing pain

21
Q

What are the 3 types of noxious stimuli?

A
  • Mechanical
  • Thermal
  • Chemical
22
Q

What is the following a defintion of?

  • First neurons to be activated
  • Primary afferents as the noxious stimulus creates potentials that will eventually synapse in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord before making their way to the brain
A

Nociceptors

23
Q

Which nociceptor fiber is this?

  • Fast and myelinated
  • First to recognize and localize pain
  • Activated by mechanical and thermal stimulation
A

A(delta) fiber

24
Q

What is the following a defintion of?

  • Slow and myelinated
  • Signals are diffuse and secondary
  • activated by chemical reaction
A

C Fibers

25
Q

What is the following a defintion of?

  • General sensory fibers
  • Invovled in pain modulation
A

A(beta) fibers

26
Q

How do nociception signals make their way to the spinal cord?

A

Via the dorsal root and into the dorsal horn

27
Q

When the A(gamma) axons enter the cord and branch to the levels of the spinal cord where do they go?

A

They enter the spinal cord through the dorsolateral tract before entering and terminating in the dorsal horn

28
Q

What are the following characteristics of?

  • Synapse with A(gamma) and C fibers
  • Encode only for pain stimulti and project to higher centers
A

Nociceptive-Specific cells

29
Q

What are the following characteristics of?

  • Recieve dynamic input from all types of sensory fibers
  • Can encode for a wide range of painful and nonpainful stimuli
A

Wide Dynamic Range Fibers

30
Q

What area of the dorsal horn is this?

Where the processing of nociceptive information can be altered by abnormal neural activity or by tissue injury

A

Laminae I, II, and V

31
Q

What state of sensory processing in the dorsal horn is this?

Signals resulting from stimuli are accurate

A

Normal state

32
Q

What state of sensory processing in the dorsal horn is this?

Touch, pressure, and vibration information is transmitted normally but nociceptive impulses are inhibited

A

Suppressed State

33
Q

What state of sensory processing in the dorsal horn is this?

Changes in the quantities and types of neurotransmitters and receptors produce painful response to A(beta), A(delta), and C activity

A

Sensitized State

34
Q

What is the following a defintion of?

Sensitized state in which neurons within the central nociceptive pathways exhibit elevated responses to incoming nociceptive and non-nociceptive stimuli

A

Central Sensitization

35
Q

Following an acute injury central sensitization is triggered by what?

A

Peripheral sensitization in nonciceptive afferents

36
Q

When does central sensitization occur?

A

In acute pain and chornic pain

37
Q

Where do axons in the nociceptive-specific cells and wide dynamic neurons decussate?

A

In the anterior white commisure of the spinal cord

38
Q

Where do axons in the nociceptive-specific cells and wide dynamic neurons ascend?

A

In the anterolateral system

39
Q

What does the anterolateral system consist of?

A

Fibers carrying pain and temperature from the spinal cord to the thalamus and brainstem

40
Q

What is the following a definiton of?

Persistent pain that has been identified as pain that persists past the normal time of tissue healing

A

Chronic Pain

41
Q

Are the following charactersitics of primary or secondary chronic pain?

  • orignates independently of other conditions and is considered a disease
  • exists in the absence of tissue damage and has no beneficial biologic function
  • central sensitization intiated by gain of function in central nocicepetive pathways resulting in increased pain perception in the absence of tissue damage
A

Primary chronic pain

42
Q

What causes primary chronic pain to occur?

A

Gain of function in the central nociceptive system

43
Q

Are the following charactersitics of primary or secondary chronic pain?

  • Pain that arises as a consequence of another medical condition
  • Nociceptive pain arises from stimulation of nociceptors; gain of function in central nociceptive pathways may be present
  • neuropathic chronic pain arises from damage to somatosensory system & nociceptors are not stimulated
A

Secondary Chronic Pain

44
Q

What is the following a defintion of?

Phenomenon of pain that is percieved as coming from an area of the body that is not directly innervated by the neurons exposed to the noxious stimulus

A

Referred Pain

Clinical Neuroscience (22 decks)

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