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Clinical Neuroscience > Somatosensory System Lesions and Chronic Pain Syndromes > Flashcards

Somatosensory System Lesions and Chronic Pain Syndromes Flashcards

1
Q

What is the following a defintion of?

any pathology or injury affecting either the peripheral nervous system, the central nervous system, or both; deficits can occur at any point in the system

A

Sensory dysfunction

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2
Q

Injury to DCML pathway inferior to decussation in the caudal medulla causes what?

A

Ipsilateral loss of light touch and conscious proprioception below the level of the lesion

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3
Q

Injury to DCML pathway superior to decussation in the caudal medulla causes what?

A

Contralateral loss of light touch and conscious proprioception

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4
Q

Where does decussation of the spinothalamic tract take place?

A

Within the spinal cord

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5
Q

Injury to spinothalamic tract as it ascends through the spinal cord or brainstem will cause what?

A

Contralateral loss of pain sensation below the level of lesion

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6
Q

What is the following a defintion of?

Movement incoordination that is not due to weakness

A

Ataxia

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7
Q

What type of Ataxia is the following

Caused by lesions located in the peripheral and central structures that transmit and interpret somatosensory information along DCML pathway

A

Sensory Ataxia

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8
Q

Lesions in thalamus, thalmaci radiations or somatosensory cortex would cause contralateral or ipsilateral sensory ataxia?

A

Contralateral Sensory Ataxia

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9
Q

Lesions below decussation would cause contralateral or ipsilateral sensory ataxia?

A

Ipsilateral Sensory Ataxia

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10
Q

The following is a pathology of what?

Impairment in movement due to central motor structures not able to get proprioceptive information about muscle length, velocity of limb movement impacting motor planning, coordination and execution of movement

A

Sensory Ataxia

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11
Q

What is the following a definition of?

Stomping feet on the ground and looking at feet to compensate for sensory loss, wide-base, unsteady, high steppage gait

A

Sensory Ataxia Gait

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12
Q

What is the following Clinical Presentation of?

  • impaired awareness of the position and movements of limbs
  • use vision to substitute for loss of proprioception so symptoms increase when can’t use vision in darker environments
  • Positive Rhomberg test
  • Impairments in two-point discrimination
A

Sensory Ataxia

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13
Q

What are the following health condition lesions represent?

Peripheral nerve: large, myelinated fiber neuropathies
Dorsal root: tabes dorsalis
Dorsal Column: Spinal Cord Lesions
Medial Leminscus: brainstem lesions
Thalamus: thalamic syndrome
Parietal Lobe: primary somatosensory cortex & secondary somatosensory area lesions

A

Sensory Ataxia

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14
Q

What is the following a defintion of?

Pain occurs in the absence of clearly identifiable tissue injury and is primarily due to central sensitization

A

Chronic Back Pain

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15
Q

What are the most common chronic primary pain conditions (4)?

A
  • Fibromyaglia
  • Migrane
  • Complex Regional Pain Syndrome
  • Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain
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16
Q

What is the following a defintion of?

Causes tenderness of muscles and adjacent soft tissues, stiffness of muscles, and widespread aching pain that does not folow dermatomal or peripheral nerve distributions

A

Fibromyaglia

17
Q

What is the following a defintion of?

Brain-initiated central sensitization syndrome characterized by dysfunction within the hypothalamus and the trigemino-thalamo-cortical pathway

A

Migrane

18
Q

What is the following a characteristics of?

  • located unilaterally
  • pulsating quality
  • produce moderate to severe pain intensity
  • aggravated or caused by avoidance of routine physical activity
A

Migrane

19
Q

What are the following triggers of?

  • Stress
  • Barometric pressure changes
  • Lack of sleep
  • Low blood sugar
  • Menstruating women
  • Decline in estrogen
A

Migranes

20
Q

What is the following a defintion of?

Result of an aberrant response to any degree of trauma

A

Complex regional pain syndrome

21
Q

What are following signs and symptoms of?

  • Severe, spontaneous pain, hyperglasia, allodynia
  • pain, vascular changes, and atrophy in a regional distribution in one upper or lower limb
A

Complex Regional Pain Syndrome

22
Q

What is the following a defintion of?

Back pain that cannot be attributed to a specific stuctures that does not resolve after 6-12 weeks since onset

A

Chronic nonspecific low back pain

23
Q

What is the following pathlogy of?

  • central sensization; initiation site uncertain
  • neural region affected: central nervous system
A

Chronic nonspecific low back pain

24
Q

What is the following a defintion of?

Caused by an underlying disease or specific injury and is mediated by both peripheral and central sensitization

A

Chronic secondary pain

25
Q

Increased activity of peripheral nociceptors entering the spinal cord due to peripheral sensitazation after a peripheral injury drives ____ changes that lead to ______ ______

A

Cellular; Central Sensitization

26
Q

What is the following a defintion of?

Pain that results from a direct consequence of a lesion or disease affecting the somatosensory system

A

Neuropathic pain

27
Q

What arises from abnormal neural activity anywhere along the nocicpetive pathways, including in peripheral nerves, the dorsal horn, the brainstem, and the cerebrum

A

Neuropathic pain

28
Q

What is the following a defintion of?

  • Locations outside of the receptors that generates action potentials
  • Generates action potential without peripheral stimulatin causing spontaneous pain sensations
  • Myelin Damage
A

Ectopic foci

29
Q

What is the following a defintion of?

Excessive production of mechanosensitive, chemosensitive, and voltage-gated ion channels which are inserted into the area of demeylination enabling generation of action potentials in addtion to their normal role of conducting action potentials

A

Myelin Damage

30
Q

What is the folloiwng a defintion of?

  • occurs in demyelination regions as a result of lack of insulation between neurons
  • action potential in one neuron may induce an action potential in another neuron
A

Ephatic Transmission

31
Q

What is the following a defintion of?

  • most common cause of neuropathic pain
  • denervation of the nerves distal to the dorsal root ganglion results in lack of sensation from that nerve’s receptive filed and often parethesias
  • partial damage to nerve can result in allodynia and sensation similar to electric shock
  • formation of neuroma
  • small fiber neuropathy
A

Peripheral generation

32
Q

What is the following a defintion of?

  • twisted knot of nerve fibers and connective tissue
A

Formation of nueroma

33
Q

What is the following a defintion of?

  • direct damage to neurons within central nervous system
  • pain felt in part of the body that corresponds to the lesioned brain or spinal cord area
  • occurs after deafferrentation or denervation
A

Central Generation

34
Q

What is the following a defintion of?

occurs when proximal axons of primary afferents are destroyed leaving spinal cord dorsal horn neurons without any peripheral input resulting in abnormal activity in the dorsal horns

A

Deafferentaion

35
Q

What is the following a defintion of?

Painful sensation post-amputation in the missing part of the limb secondary to peripheral and central mechanisms

A

Phantom Pain

Clinical Neuroscience (22 decks)

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