Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Clinical Neuroscience > Formation of the Nervous System > Flashcards

Formation of the Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

How long is the pre-embryonic stage?

A

Conception to day 14

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the single cell that divdies into multiple cells forming a solid sphere of cells as it travels down the fallopian tube into uterine cavity?

A

Fertilized Ovum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is formed when there is a hollow of cells with innter cell mass becoming an embryo?

A

Cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does the outermost layer of sphere in pre-embryonic stage become?

A

Placenta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does the inner cell mask become during the pre-embryonic stage?

A

Embryonic disk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the 2 layers of the embryonic disk?

A
  • endoderm
  • ectoderm
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What layer is formed between endoderm and ectocerm during pre-embryonic stage?

A

Mesoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

When does the first stage of development occur in gastrulation?

A

3rd gestational week

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does the bilaminar disk embryonic disk become during gastrulation?

A

Trilaminar embryonic disk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the 3 layers of the trilaminar embryonic disk?

A
  • ectoderm
  • mesoderm
  • endoderm
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What layer of the trilaminar embroyonic disk is this?

develop sensory organs, epidermis and nervous system

A

Ectoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What layer of the trilaminar embroyonic disk is this?

Develops dermis, muscles, skeleton and excretory and circulatory systems

A

Mesoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What layer of the trilaminar embroyonic disk is this?

develops gut, liver, pancreas and respiratory system

A

Endoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the process that results in formation of the neural tube

A

Neurulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

When does neurulation occur?

A

4th gestational week

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is neurulation induced by?

A

Notochord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the longitudinal thickening of ectoderm; first formed on surface of embryo expanding from head to tail regions

A

Neural plate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the edges of plate folded upward; creates the neural groove

A

Neural folds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Where does the fushion of the neural tube occur?

A

occurs from middle out towards rostral and caudal ends

  • cells on top of each fold dissociate
  • cells with migrate away from tube and form various types of cells
  • as tube closes is seperates from ectodermal surface
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the openings on the ends of neural tubes; will eventually close

A

Neuralpores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

When does the superior neuropore close?

A

27th day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

When does the inferior neuropore close?

A

3 days after the superior neuropore close (30th day)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What layer of the neural tube is this?

Somas, cell bodies of neurons, and develop into gray matter

A

Inner layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What layer of the neural tube is this?

White matter containing processes of neurons comprising of axons of glia cells

A

Outer layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What does the rostral end of the neural tube become?

A

Brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Which step of the formation of the neural tube is this?

  • notochord includes ectoderm to differentiate and thicken into neural plate
  • neural plate border seperates ectoderm from neural plate
A

Step 1: Neural plate formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Which step of the formation of the neural tube is this?

  • neural plate bends dorsally forming the neural groove and folds
  • neural palte border develops into neural crest
A

Step 2: Neural grooves and folds formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Which step of the formation of the neural tube is this?

  • neural folds join at neural plate borders (neural crest) forming the neural tube
  • neural crest disconnects from the epidermis
  • neural crest cells differentiate to form PNS
A

Step 3: Neural tube formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is developed in the 3rd gestational week when columns divide into segmentated blocks of mesoderm
- appear in occipital region adjacent to neural groove
- added from rostral - to - caudal direction

A

Somite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What layer of the somite is this?

Lateral part of somite, dermatome that develops into dermis of skin

A

Outermost layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What layer of the somite is this?

Postermedial region is the myotome
Myoblasts devlop into striated skeletal muscle

A

Middle layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What layer of the somite is this?

Anteromedial part is the scelrotome
gives rise to bone, vertebrae and skull

A

Innermost layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What cell is this?

Surrounds neural tube and notochord developing into the body of vertebrae forming vertebral arches (arches fuse at 8 weeks)

A

Sclerotome cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What does the notochord become when it degenerate?

A

becomes nucleous pulpousus of IVD

35
Q

What development is this?

develops from mesoderm that surrounds brain and is derived from both somites and neuralcrest cells

A

Cranium development

36
Q

What section of the neural tube is this?

  • motor plate
  • axons here grow out of tube to innervate myotome region of somite
  • forms myotome
  • gray matter originates here develops into ventral horn in mature spinal cord
A

Ventral section

37
Q

What section of the neural tube is this?

  • association with alar plate
  • processes sensory information
  • gray matter originates here & develops into dorsal horn
A

Dorsal section

38
Q

What is a group of muslces derived from one somite and innervated by single spinal nerve root?

A

Myotome

39
Q

How many segmental columns does the neural crest divide into?

A

2 columns

40
Q

What projects laterally exiting through intervetebral foramina at same level

A

Spinal nerve roots

41
Q

What extends to end of cortex

A

Spinal cord

42
Q

Where does the spinal cord end at birth?

A

Around L3 - L4

43
Q

Lumbrosacral spinal roots extend beyond the end of the spinal cord forming ____

A

cauda equina

44
Q

What are the 3 primary vesicles formed during the 4th week?

A
  • prosencephalon (forebrain)
  • mesencephalon (midbrain)
  • rhombencephalon (hindbrain)`
45
Q

When do the 5 seconday vesicles develop?

A

5th week of gestation

46
Q

Which 2 secondary vesicles form from prosencephalon?

A
  • telencephalon
  • diencephalon
47
Q

Which 2 secondary vesicles form from rhomencephalon?

A
  • melencephalon
  • myelencephalon
48
Q

Which secondary vesicle is this?

becomes cerebral hemisphere; includes deep nuceli, white matter, cortex

A

telencephalon

49
Q

Which secondary vesicle is this?

becomes hypothalamus, thalamus and subthalamus

A

diencephalon

50
Q

Which secondary vesicle is this?

becomes pons and cerebellum

A

melencephalon

51
Q

Which secondary vesicle is this?

becomes medulla

A

myelencephalon

52
Q

What is the series of bends developed on the straight neural tube

A

Flexures

53
Q

Which flexure is this?

  • begins at spinal cord junction rhombencephalon
  • makrs divsions between hindbrain and spinal cord at medulla’s caudal margin
  • disappears as posture changes and head becomes erect
A

cervical flexure

54
Q

Which flexure is this?

  • develops in rhombencephalon and divides into 2 portions (melencephalon and myelencephalon)
A

Pontine flexure

55
Q

Which flexure is this?

  • develops near junction of melencephalon and mesencephalaon
  • delineates midbrain and forebrain structures from the caudal parts of the brain
A

Cephalic flexure

56
Q

What is the ventricular system derived from?

A

Central canal in the neural tube

57
Q

How many vesicles does the telencephalon contain?

A

2 lateral ventricles

58
Q

Which ventricle does the cavity of the diencephalon become?

A

Third ventricle

59
Q

What does the cavity of mesencephalon become?

A

Cerebral aquaduct

60
Q

Which ventricle does the cavity of the rhombencephalon become?

A

4th ventricle

61
Q

What developmental stage of utero is this?

  • conception day 4
  • fertilization
  • formation and implantation of the blastocyst
  • formation of the bilaminar embryonic disk
A

Pre-embryonic

62
Q

What developmental stage of utero is this?

  • day 15 - end of 8 weeks gestation
  • formation of organs
  • gastrulation
  • neurulation
  • formation of the notochord
  • neural tube closure
  • brain formation begins day 28
A

Embryonic

63
Q

What is the formation of the trilaminar embryonic disk

A

gastrulation

64
Q

What is the formation of the neural tube day 18 - 26

A

neurualation

65
Q

What developmental stage of utero is this?

  • end of 8 weeks of gestation to birth
  • further development of the nervous system
  • myelination of axons begins in the fourth fetal month
A

Fetal

66
Q

What follows dynamic lengthy sequence of integrated biologic events beginning 4 weeks after conception and continues into early childhood

A

Neuronal development

67
Q

What is 2nd gestational month and is completed by birth
- mass production of neurons occurs via neural stem cells ventricular zone of the neural tube

A

cell proliferation

68
Q

What is programmed cell death; genetically controlled to decrease number of neurons in adult levels

A

apoptosis

69
Q

What is nuerons migrate from ventricular zone to their pre-deteremined destination
- once at final location neurons become mature with axons or go into apoptosis

A

Neuronal migration

70
Q

What is enables by growth cones that facilitated growth toward certain targets and away from others

A

Axon development

71
Q

What is increase in number and density of dendritic spines

A

dendritic arborization

72
Q

What is formation of synpases between neurons that form around 23rd week of gestation
- peak production during 1st year of life
- formation and pruning of synapse can occur by things outside of nervous system

A

Synaptogenesis

73
Q

What begins in early 3rd trimester with most rapid period during first 2 years of life; brain growth and maturation

A

Meylination

74
Q

What is process by which structures, functions or forms of behavior become more speacilaized

A

differentitation

75
Q

Which synapotgenesis cortex is this?

starts at 2 months

A

Motor cortex

76
Q

Which synapotgenesis cortex is this?

starts at 3 months

A

Visual cortex

77
Q

What is several axons may innerevate a single target cell occurs during nervous system development

A

Polyneuronal innervation

78
Q

What starts to myelinate at 36 weeks gestation and is completed by end of 2nd year; myelination begins at proximal portion of axon

A

Corticospinal tract

79
Q

Which axons myelinate first?

A

Shortest axons

80
Q

What is this an order of?

  1. motor sensory nerve roots, special senses, brainstem
  2. Upper extremity and trunk
  3. lower extremity
  4. posterior portion of frontal lobes, parietal lobes, occipital lobes
  5. parietal-temporal association cortexes
  6. pre-frontal cortex
A

Order of Myelination of Nervous System Structures

81
Q

When do neurons first appear during brain growth?

A

second prenatal month

82
Q

What is the time of rapid brain growth and development; starts at 3rd trimester and continues into 4th year; rapid brain growth occurs in first 2 yrs

A

Brain growth spurt

83
Q

Which period of neurologic development is this?

  • occurs during development when axons are competing synaptic sites
  • allows nervous system to optimize neural connections
  • conditions of learning are optimal to produce permanent structural changes in nervous system
  • experience controls competition between axons for synaptic site via impact on electrical activity, molecular mechanism and inhibitory actions
A

Critical period

84
Q

Which period of neurologic development is this?

  • neural circuits are more responsive and plastic to influence of experience
  • window of time where development is more easily achieved
A

Sensitive period

Clinical Neuroscience (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions