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Clinical Neuroscience > Central Somatosensory System > Flashcards

Central Somatosensory System Flashcards

1
Q

What is managed at the spinal level in local neural circuits or by cerebellum to adjust movements and posture

A

Somatosensory Information

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2
Q

Where does perception (interpretation of sensation) take place?

A

Thalamus and cerebral cortex

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3
Q

Why is sensory feedback important?

A

Goal-directed movement

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4
Q

Why are patients with somatosensory deficits more prone to injury?

A

They are unable to percieve excessive pressure, temperature, or stretch due to joint damage

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5
Q

What is the following disorder called?

Individual is not able to percieve physical pain in any part of the body when injured

A

Congenital Insensitivity to pain

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6
Q

What do pathways with high accuracy signals transmit?

A

Acurate signals about location, size, and intensity of stimulation

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7
Q

In high-accuracy pathways a ____ of information similar to anatomic organization of the body is established

A

Somatotopic arrangement

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8
Q

What is the following a definition of?

When a specific part of the body is associated with a distinct location in the central nervous system

A

Somatotopic arrangment

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9
Q

Where in the body do we see somatotopic arrangment?

A

In the spinal cord

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10
Q

What is somatotopically organized where it recieves information form the hands in a specific location and information from the feet in another location?

A

primary somatosensory cortex

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11
Q

Where is the map of the parts of the somatosensory cortex that corresponds to specific parts of the body created and represented?

A

Sensory homunculus

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12
Q

Are low-accurary pathways organized somatotopically?

A

No they are not well localized

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13
Q

In the 3-neuron pathway where does the first neuron bring information from?

A

From a peripheral receptor into the central nervous system

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14
Q

In a 3-neuron pathway what does the second neuron do?

A

Signals information to the thalamus

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15
Q

In a 3-neuron pathway what does the third neuron do?

A

Conveys information from the thalamus to the somatosensory cortex

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16
Q

What is the following a definiton of?

bundle of axons with the same origin and common termination

A

tract, column, leminscus, or fasicle

All the same thing

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17
Q

What are somatosensory pathways named after?

A

Origin and termination of the tract that contains the second neuron in the sequence

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18
Q

What is the following somatosensory information pathway called?

This pathway conveys information about location and type of stimulation to conscious awareness in the cerebral cortex

A

Conscious Relay Pathway

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19
Q

What is the following somatosensory information pathway called?

This pathway transmits information to many locations in the brainstem and cerebrum and use pathways with variable numbers of nuerons

A

Divergent Pathway

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20
Q

Which pathway transmits information with high accuracy?

A

Conscious Relay Pathway

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21
Q

What is the following somatosensory information pathway called?

This pathway transmits nonconscious proprioceptive and other movement-related information to the cerebellum

A

Nonconscious Relay Pathway

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22
Q

What Conscious Relay Pathway is this?

  • Light touch and conscious proprioception
  • Terminates in the primary somatosensory cortex
A

Dorsal Column Medial Leminscus

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23
Q

What Conscious Relay Pathway is this?

  • Fast nocicpetion and temperature
  • Terminates in the primary somatosensory cortex
A

Spinothalamic

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24
Q

What Divergent Pathway is this?

  • Slow nociception
  • Terminates in the periaqeductal gray of midbrain, superior colliculus
A

Spinomesencephalic

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25
Q

What Divergent Pathway is this?

  • Slow nociception
  • Terminates in the reticular formation
A

Spinoreticular

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26
Q

What Divergent Pathway is this?

  • Slow nociception
  • Terminates in the amygdala, ventral striatum of basal ganglia, insular cortex
A

Spinolimbic

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27
Q

What Nonconscious Relay Pathway is this?

  • Movement-related information
  • Terminates in the cerebellum
A

Spinocerebellar

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28
Q

What type of information does the dorsal columns in conscious relay pathways carry?

A

Light touch and conscious proprioception

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29
Q

What type of information do the anterolateral columns of the conscoius relay pathway carry?

A

Nociceptive, temperature, and crude touch

30
Q

Tracts with information for discriminative percption of stimuli localized with fine resolution are processed by what?

A

Cerebral cortex

31
Q

In the DCML pathway what happens when the sensory receptor is stimulated by light touch or conscious perpeption?

DCML: dorsal column medial leminscus

A

the receptor depolarizes generating an axon potential that is transmitted along distal axon and then proximal axon in the PNS

32
Q

Where does the proximal axon go when it is stimulated by DCML pathway?

A

It enters the spinal cord via the dorsal root and ascends in the ipsilateral dorsal column

33
Q

Where do axons from the lower limb and lower trunk (below T6) reside in?

A

Medial section of the dosral column

34
Q

What is the following a defintion of?

Medial section of the dorsal column

A

Fasciculus Gracilis

35
Q

Where do axons from the upper trunk, upper limb, and neck (above T6) reside?

A

Lateral section of the dorsal column

36
Q

What is the following a defintion of?

Lateral section of the dorsal column

A

Fasciculus Cuneatus

37
Q

Axons that enter in fasciculus gracilis synapse with what?

A

Second-order neurons in the nucleus gracilis of the medulla

38
Q

Axons in the fasciculus cuneatus synapse with what?

A

second-order neurons in the nucleus cuneatus of the medulla

39
Q

Where are these axons from?

These axons decussate as internal arcuate fibers, then ascend to the thalamus as the contralateral medical lemniscus tract

A

axons from second-order neuron

40
Q

Where do second-order neurons synapse?

A

Area of the thalamus called ventral posterolatral nucleus

41
Q

What do third-order neurons connect?

A

Ventral Posterolateral nucleus to the thalamus to the somatosensory cortex

42
Q

What is the pathway that the sensory information of light touch and conscous proprioception take?

A

Ascends and synpases in the ventral posterior lateral nucleus of the thalamus on third order neurons to the primary somatosensory cortex

43
Q

Where is the primary somatosensory cortex located?

A

In the postcentral gyrus

44
Q

Which area of the brain as the following function?

Analyzing information from the primary somatosesory cortex and the thalamus to provide sterogenesis and memory of the tractile and spatial environment

A

Secondary somatosensory area

45
Q

Where is the secondary somatosensory area located?

A

Located posterior to the primary somatosensory cortex

46
Q

What is the following a defintion of?

The area of the primary somatosensory cortex devotes to a specfic part of the body; surrounds the cortex

A

Homunculus

47
Q

What does the homunculus illustrate?

A

Proportions and arrangement of cortical areas that contain representation of the surface of the body

48
Q

Which two pathways ascend together in the anterolateral spinal cord?

A
  • Conscious Relay Pathway
  • Divergent Pathway
49
Q

What do the free nerve endings in first-order neurons respond to?

A

Noxious mechanical stimulation or to noxious meachnothermal stimulation

50
Q

How do the peripheral axons of the A(delta) fibers transmit information?

A

From free nerve endings along lightly myelinated axons to the cell body

51
Q

Which axon is this?

Enters spinal cord then branches to several levels of the spinal cord in the dosrolateral tract before entering and terminating inthe dorsal horn

A

Central axon

52
Q

Which axon is this?

This axon crosses the midline in the anterior commissure, then ascends to the thalamus in the spinothalamic trat

A

Axon of the second-order neuron

53
Q

Which neuron is this?

This axon arises from ventral posterolateral nucleus and projects to the primary and secondary somatosensory cortices

A

Third-order neuron

54
Q

What is the following somatosensory information called?

Conveys nondiscriminative tractile information and is transmitted by C fibers

A

Crude touch

55
Q

Where does crude touch project?

A

Anterior and posterior insula

56
Q

What is discriminative temperature information detected by?

A

Specialized free nerve endings of small myelinated and unmyelinated neurons

57
Q

A(delta) fibers carry impulses produced by ___

A

cooling

58
Q

C fibers carry information regarding ____

A

Heat

59
Q

In the spinothalamic tract fibers carrying information from the lower body are found ____

A

laterally

60
Q

In the spinothalamic tract fibers from higher levels are found ____

A

Medially

61
Q

Ascending axons in the spinothalamic tract are ____ neurons and most ascend ____

A

second order; contralaterally

62
Q

Where do the second-order neurons in the dorsal column and spinothalamic tracts end?

A

Ventral posterolateral nueclus of the thalamus

63
Q

Third-order neurons from dorsal column and spinothalamic pathways project from the ____ to the ____ cortex,

A

Thalamus; Primary Somatosensory Cortex

64
Q

Responses the nociception depend on a divergent ascending group of neurons called the ____

A

Medial nociception system

65
Q

Where do medial nociception system projection neurons synapse?

A

Medial locations in the CNS

66
Q

What are the first-order neurons of the slow nociceptive pathways?

A

Small, unmyelinated C fiber that transmits information to the spinal cord the same way it does as first-order neuronin spinothalamic pathway

67
Q

Aching, poorly localized pain is which slow nociceptive tract?

A

Spinolimbic

68
Q

Which two areas of the midbrain does spinoemesencephallic tract transmit slow nocicpetive information?

A

Superior colliculus and peraqueductal gray

69
Q

What is the role of superior colliculus?

A

Visual reflexes

70
Q

What is the role of periaqueductal gray?

A

Activiates descending tracts that moduclated incoming nocieptive signals and is part of descending nociceptive control system

71
Q

Where does spinoreticular ascending tract terminate?

A

Brainstem Reticular Formation

Clinical Neuroscience (22 decks)

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