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Clinical Neuroscience > Spinal Region Motor Function > Flashcards

Spinal Region Motor Function Flashcards

1
Q

What is the following a definition of?

Generators located in the spinal cord that produce reciprocal lower extremity locomotor patterns in absence of supraspinal input

A

Stepping Pattern

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2
Q

What determines the firing rate to the LMN?

A

Input; which will then determine muscle contraction

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3
Q

Interneuron circuits integrate activity from all sources and then adjust output of ____ ____ ____

A

Lower motor neurons

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4
Q

Where do synapses get their information from?

A

IA, IB, II afterents, interneurons, and descending upper motor neurons

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5
Q

Motor activity elicted by descending commands can be modified by what?

A

By afferent input in normal movement

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6
Q

What can descending commands modify?

A

Motor activity elicited by afferent input

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7
Q

What is the following a definition of?

Inhibition of antagnoist muscles during agnoist contraction

A

Reciprocal inhibition

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8
Q

How is reciprocal inhibition accomplished?

A

By interneurons in spinal cord that link LMN into functional groups

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9
Q

What happens when muscle spindles within the muscle send signals into the spinal cord?

A

Activates interneurons that inhibit the LMN of the antagnoist

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10
Q

Recicprocal inhibition prevent ____ of ____ muscles when agnoist is reflexively activated

A

activation; antagnoist

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11
Q

Activity in collateral branch from Type 1A afferents stimulates what?

A

Interneruons to inhibit the alpha efferent to antagonist in order to prevent antagnoist stretch reflex

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12
Q

Why is recriprocal inhibition occasionally suppressed?

A

To allow contraction of antagnoists

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13
Q

What is the following a definition of?

Has effects opposite to those of recirprocal inhibition; inhibition of agnoists and syngerists occur with disinhibition of antagnoists

A

Recurrent inhibition

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14
Q
A
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14
Q

What are Renshaw cells?

A

Interneurons that produce recurrent inhibition

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15
Q

How are Renshaw Cells stimulated?

A

By a recurrent collateral branch from the alpha motor neuron

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16
Q

What is the following a definition of?

Side branch of an axon that turns back toward its own cell

A

Recurrent collateral branch

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17
Q

What do Renshaw Cells inhibit?

A

Inhibit the same alpha motor neuron that gives rises to the collateral branch and alpha motor neurons of synergists

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18
Q

What do Renshaw cells focus on?

A

Motor Activity

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19
Q

Loss of what on renshaw cell activity may cause difficulty in achieving fine motor control?

A

Loss of descending influence

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20
Q

What is the following a definition of?

Coordinated muscle action consisting of functionally linked muscles that are constrained by the CNS to act cooperativley to produce an intended motor action

A

Muscle synergy

21
Q

What are the 3 functions of muscle syngergies?

A
  • Simplify control
  • reduce or constrain degrees of freedom
  • initiate coordinated patterns of movement
22
Q

Why are syngergies combined?

A

To produce appropriate sequence of muscle actions required for a functional task

23
Q

How do Type II afferents contribute to synergies?

A

By delivering information to spinal cord neurons from tonic recpetors in:
- muscle spindles
- certain joint receptors
- cutaneous and subcutaneous touch and pressure receptors

24
Interneurons excited by Type II afferents project where?
to lower motor neurons
25
# What is the following a defintion of? Spinal cord creates a complete proprioceptive model of the body in time and space
Schema
26
What is nonconscious schema used to do?
Plan and adapt movements
27
What provides proprioceptive input required to generate body schema?
- joint capsule & ligaments - muscle spindle receptors - golgi tendon organs
28
29
Why is the body schema important?
Esstential for adapting movements to the enviroment, based on proprioceptive feedback
30
How do Golgi Tendon Organs contribute to proprioception?
By registering tendon tension
31
Which afferents is the information from the GTO conveyed by? | GTO: Golgi Tendon Organ
Type IB afferents
32
What is the role of the GTO in movement?
Adjust muscle contraction in synce with other proprioceptive signals and motor signals from the brain
33
# What is the following a defintion of? Consists of adaptable neural networks made up of spinal interneurons that activate LMN eliciting repetitive, rhythmic, alternating flexion and extension movements of hip and knees
Stepping Pattern Generator
34
What is cortical control required for?
Direct ankle DF
35
What are cerebellar and basal ganglia control needed for?
Prevent unwanted movements and to coordinate movements
36
What are UMN signals from the brainstem required for?
To maintain postural control during walking
37
# What is the following a defintion of? Involuntary motor response to an external stimulus
Reflex
38
# What is the following a defintion of? Allows for rapid and ongoing adjustment of posture in response to stimuli from within the muscle and environment
Spinal Reflex
39
What do Spinal Reflexes involve?
- receptor - afferent limb - one or more synapses - efferent limb - effector
40
Spinal reflexes are able to operate without what?
Brain input
41
# What is the following a defintion of? Muscle contraction in response to quick stretch
Phasic stretch reflex
42
Quick muscle stretch acitivates signals from what?
From muscle spindles to alpha motor neurons of the same muscle
43
How is the stretch reflex examined?
Deep tendon reflex testing by a quick tap
44
What does quick stretch stimulate?
Primary ending of the spindles
45
# What is the following a proccess of? - Type IA afferent transmit ation potential to spinal cord and release neurotransmitter to synapse with alpha motor neuron - alpha motor neuron depolarizes - action potentials propage to neuromuscular junction - ACh is released and binds with receptors on muscle membrane - muscle membrane depolarizes - muscle fibers contract
Process of Phasic Stretch Reflex
46
What type of reflex is the quick phasic response?
Monosynpatic reflex
47
Why is the quick phasic reponse to stretch a monosynpactic reflex?
Only one synapse between afferent and efferent neurons
48
Where is the circuitry responsible for withdrawal reflex located?
Within spinal cord
49
# What is the following a definition of? Specificity of the movement pattern
Local sign
50
If one is standing when one lower limb is abruptly withdrawn, another interneuronal circuit quickly adjusts the muscle activity. What is this called?
Crossed extension reflex

Clinical Neuroscience (22 decks)

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