Pain Modulation Flashcards
Where does pain modulation occur?
- Levels of the spinal cord
- Brainstem
- Cortex
And involves powerful neurotransmitter systems
What theory of pain modulation is the following?
The first site where modulation of the incoming nociceptive signal occurs in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord where the first synapse of the pain pathway occurs
Gate Control Theory
What theory of pain modulation is the following?
Number of areas in the brainstem that recieve input from ascedning nociceptive pathways and descending input from the pain matrix
Descending pathway
What theory of pain modulation is the following?
Modulates all levels of pain system including the pain matrix, particuallary medial pain system, descending brainstem systems, the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, and the peripheral nerves
Endogenous Opioid System
What is the following a definition of?
Suppression of the nociception in response to stimulation that normally would be painful
Antinociception
What level of antinociception is this?
- occurs in periphery where endogenous opiods bind to receptors on peripheral afferents to limit nociceptive transmission
Level 1
What level of antinociception is this?
Occurs in dorsal horn where the release of enkephalins, dynorphins or gamma-aminobutryic acid (GABA) by inhibitory interneurons restricts the transmission of incoming nociceptive signals
Level 2
What is serotonin released by?
Raphespinal tract
What is nonrepinephrin released by?
Ceruleospinal tract
What level of antinociception is this?
Fast-acting neuronal descending system, with periaqueductal gray, rostral ventromedial medulla, and locus coeruleus
Level 3
What level of antinociception is this?
Hormonal System involving periventricular gray in hypothalamus, the pituitary gland which releases B-endorphin and the adrenal medulla
Level 4
What level of antinociception is this?
Amygdala and cortical level
- amygdala: emotional aspects of pain
- cortical: expectations, excitment, distraction, placebo
Level 5
