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Clinical Neuroscience > Introduction to Central Nervous System > Flashcards

Introduction to Central Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What plane of section is this?

parallel to vertical plane and section divides brain into anterior and posterior halves

A

Coronal

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2
Q

What plane of section is this?

parallel to vertical plane but section divides brain into right and left halves

A

Sagittal

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3
Q

What plane of section is this?

parallel to horizontal plane and section divides brain into superior and inferior halves

A

Horiztonal/axial

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4
Q

What are the parts of the cerebrum

A
  • 2 cerebral hemispheres
  • diencephalon
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5
Q

What is this structure?

  • covers entire surface of cerebral hemisphere
  • composed of gray matter
  • highly folded producing (gyri) ridges and sulci (grooves)
  • processes sensory, motor and memory information
  • site for reasoning, language, nonverbal communication, intelligence and personality
  • different areas are specialized to perform variety of functions
A

Cerebral cortex

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6
Q

What lobe is this?

thoughts planning, decisions, actions, personality, emotion, motivation, initiatve, judgement, concentration, social inhibitions, speech and motor

A

Frontal lobe

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7
Q

What lobe is this?

sensation and perception including location and context of sensory inputs, spatial orientation and certain aspects of language

A

Parietal lobe

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8
Q

What lobe is this?

processing visual information

A

Occipital lobe

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9
Q

What lobe is this?

processing auditory information, language and certain complex functions like memory

A

Temporal Lobe

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10
Q

What lobe is this?

not a discrete lobe; combines frontal, parietal and temporal lobe; processes learning, memory and emotion

A

Limbic lobe

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11
Q

What lobe is this?

deep to lateral sulcus, processing and integration of taste sensation, visceral and pain sensation and vesitbular functions

A

Insular lobe

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12
Q

What seperates frontal and parietal lobes

A

Central sulcus

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13
Q

What seperates frontal and parietal lobe from temporal lobe

A

Lateral sulcus

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14
Q

What seperates occipital lobe from parietal lobe

A

Parieto-occipital sulcus

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15
Q

What seperates 2 cerebral hemispheres

A

Longitudinal fissure

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16
Q

What is anterior to central sulcus; primary motor area

A

Precentral gyrus

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17
Q

What is posterior to central sulcus; primary sensory areas

A

Postcentral gyrus

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18
Q

What relays motor and sensory information to cerebral cortex; processes emotional and some memory information, integrate sensation and regulate consciousness, arousal, and attention

A

Thalamus

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19
Q

What is functionally part of limbic system; coordinates and integrates endocrine, autonomic and homeostatic functions

A

Hypothalamus

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20
Q

What is pineal gland which influences secretion of other endocrine glands (pituitary and adrenal)

A

Epithalamus

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21
Q

What is modulating and integrating motor-activity movement and muscle tone

A

Subthalamus

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22
Q

What are these structures a part of?

  • Thalamus
  • Hypothalamus
  • Epithalamus
  • Subthalamus
A

Diencephalon

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23
Q

What is group of interconnected, integrating gray matter nuclei found deep within cerebral hemispheres, diencephalon and midbrain under cortical layer

A

Basal Ganglia

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24
Q

Where are these structures?

  • caudate
  • putamen
  • globus pallidus
A

Nuceli deep within cerebral hemisphere

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25
Q

Where is this structure?

Subthalamic nucleus

A

Nucleus in diencephalon

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26
Q

Where is this structure?

Substansia nigra

A

nucleus in midbrain

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27
Q

What has this role?

initation and control of voluntary movements, social and goal oriented behavior and emotions

A

Basal ganglia nuclei

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28
Q

What is this structure?

  • emotional learning and memory
  • fear
  • reward
A

Amygdala

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29
Q

What is this structure

  • learning
  • memory formation and retrieval
  • part of declaritative memory system (facts)
  • site of adult neurogenesis
A

Hippocampus

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30
Q

What fiber is this?

  • connects cortical regions within the same hemisphere
  • superior longitudinal fasiculus
A

Assocation fibers

31
Q

What fiber is this?

  • reciprocally connect areas of cortex in one area with corresponding area of the opposite area
  • corpus callosum connects the two cerebral hemispheres
A

Commissural fibers

32
Q

What fiber is this?

  • Project to and from cortex
  • corona radiata and internal capsule
A

Projection fibers

33
Q

What is connected to diencephalon rostorally, cerebellum dorsally and spinal cord caudally

A

Brainstem

34
Q

What conveys ascending and descending information between brain and spinal cord, integrates information and regulates vital function

A

Brainstem

35
Q

What has the following functions

  • contain postural and locomotion
  • perception and modulation of pain
  • regulates cardiovascular and respiratory functions
  • sensory and motor information of face and neck
  • regulates consciousness
  • sleep/wake cycle
  • basic functions of taste, eating, hearing, balance and vision
A

Brainstem

36
Q

What has the following structures?

  • cerebral penducles
  • superior and infeiror colliculi
  • substansia nigra
  • periaqueductal gray
  • red nucleus
  • CN III and IV nuclei
  • locus coerleus
  • pedunclopontine nucles
  • ventral legmentum
A

Midbrain

37
Q

What has the following structures?

  • cerebellar pundcles
  • pontine nuclei
  • CN V - VIII nuclei
A

Pons

38
Q

What has the following structures?

  • medullary pyramids
  • inferior olives
  • fasciulus gracilis and cuneatus
  • nucelus gracilis and cuneaus
  • CN IX - XII nuclei
  • cardiovascular and respiratory regulation centers
A

Medulla

39
Q

What integrates information to produce smooth movement, motor planning and learning

A

Cerebellum

40
Q

What carries information to and from cerebellum

A

Cerebellar peduncles

41
Q

What has gross limb movement

A

spinocerebellum

42
Q

What has precise distal voluntary movements

A

cerebrocerebellum (motor portion)

43
Q

What regulates equilibrium

A

Vestibulocerebellum

44
Q

What has L2-5 nerve roots, travel down before exiting vertebral canal

A

Cauda equina

45
Q

What is region of spinal cord occupied by one pair of spinal nerve roots belonging to one pair of corresponding spinal nerves

A

Spinal cord segment

46
Q

What region is this?

  • 8 segments and pairs of spinal nerves that supply head, neck and UE’s
A

Cervical

47
Q

what region is this?

  • 12 segments and pairs of spinal nerves that supply trunk
A

Thoracic

48
Q

What region is this?

  • 5 segments and pairs of spinal nerves that supply LE’s
A

Lumbar

49
Q

What region is this?

5 pairs of sacral spinal nerves supply the bowels, bladder, and genetallia

A

Sacral/coccygeal

50
Q

What horn has sensory information

A

Dorsal horns

51
Q

What horn has autonomic information and is present only at T1 - L2 spinal segments

A

Lateral horn

52
Q

What horn has motor information

A

Ventral horn

53
Q

what contains axons of tract cells, transmitting sensory information to the brain?

A

Dorsal and Lateral columns

54
Q

What contains axons of upper motor neurons, conveying information descending from brain to interneurons and lower motor neurons

A

Lateral and Ventral columns

55
Q

What supports and cushions and regulates extracellular environment

A

Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

56
Q

What is located in cerebral hemisphere; connected to each other and third ventricle via intraventricular foramen

A

lateral ventricles

57
Q

What is located at narrow slit in diencehphalon

A

Third ventricle

58
Q

What connects third and fourth ventricle

A

cerebral aqaduct

59
Q

What is located posterior to pons and medulla and anterior to cerebellum; CSF flows from here to 2 lateral foramina of Luschka and medial foramen of Magende

A

Fourth ventricle

60
Q

What is outermost layer of Meninges

A

Dura mater

61
Q

What separates cerebral hemispheres

A

Falx cerebri

62
Q

What separates cerebellum from cerebral hemispheres

A

Tentorium cerebeli

63
Q

What is the delicate middle layer; has projections that from arachnoid vili

A

Arachnoid mater

64
Q

What protrudes into venous sinuses and responsible fro reabsorption of CSF

A

Arachnoid vili

65
Q

What is formed by clusters of arachnoid vili

A

Arachnoid granulation

66
Q

What is innermost layer, tightly attached to surface of brain and spinal cord

A

Pia mater

67
Q

What is formed between pia mater and arachnoid; real space

A

Subarachnoid space

68
Q

What is a potential space between dura and the skull

A

Epidural space

69
Q

What is potential space between arachnoid and dura

A

Subdural space

70
Q

What is blood supply to cerebellum

A

internal carotid artery

71
Q

What is blood supply to occipital and inferior temporal lobes and brainstem and cerebellar regions

A

vertebral artery

72
Q

What is blood supply of most of pons and cerebellum

A

basilar artery

73
Q

What is anatomic rig of 9 arteries that provide cerebral hemisphere blood supply

A

Circle of Willis

Clinical Neuroscience (22 decks)

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