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Clinical Neuroscience > Internal Organization of the Spinal Cord > Flashcards

Internal Organization of the Spinal Cord Flashcards

1
Q

What do vertical grooves mark?

A

External Spinal Cord

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2
Q

Is the following anterior or posterior spinal cord?

deep medial fissure & two anterolateral sulci where nerve rootlets emerge from the spinal cord

A

Anterior spinal cord

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3
Q

Is the following anterior or posterior spinal cord?

shallow median sulcus and two posterolateral sulci where nerve rootlets enter the spinal cord

A

Posterior spinal cord

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4
Q

Why do cervical & lumbar regions have more gray matter?

A
  • regions innervate the limbs motor neurons for all limb muscles are located at these levels
  • sensory neurons for all limb muscles are located at these levels
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5
Q

Why is there more white matter as you move from caudal to rostral segments?

A
  • ascending/descending axons are being added
  • cervical spinal cord has most white matter b/c it is carrying information to and from all levels of spinal cord
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6
Q

C8 spinal cord segment is at what vertebral level?

A

C6-7 vertebral bodies at level of C6 spinous process

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7
Q

T1 spinal cord segment is at what vertebral level?

A

C7-T1 vertebral bodies at level of C7 spinous process

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8
Q

T10-11 spinal cord segments are at what vertebral level?

A

T9 vertebral body at level of T8 spinous process

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9
Q

L2-L5 spinal cord segments are at what vertebral level?

A

T12 vertebral body at level of T10 spinous process

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10
Q

S1-5 spinal cord segments are at what vertebral level?

A

L1 vertebral body at level of T12 and L1 spinous processes

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11
Q

What is the following structure?

Located at the end of the spinal cord at L1-2 intervertebral space

A

Conus medullaris

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12
Q

What is the following structure?

long roots required for axons from termination of spinal cord to exit lumbosacral vertebral column

A

Cauda equina

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13
Q

What is the following structre?

  • located inferior to end of spinalcord
  • bundle of connective tissue & glia that connects the end of the spinal cord to coccyx
A

Filum terminale

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14
Q

What is the following structure?

axons of LMN cells that leave the anterolateral cord in small groups

A

Rootlets

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15
Q

Ventral rootlets from a single segment merge to form what?

A

Ventral root

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16
Q

Dorsal root sensory axons enter where in the spinal cord?

A

Posterolateral spinal cord via rootlets

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17
Q

Dorsal root ganglion contains what

A

Cell bodies of sensory neurons

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18
Q

Sensory axons with large-diameter fibers transmitting propriocetive and touch info. are located medially or laterally?

A

Medially

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19
Q

Sensory axons with small-diameter fibers transmitting nociception and temp. information are located medially or laterally?

A

Laterally

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20
Q

How is spinal cord organized?

A

Segmentally

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21
Q

What part of the spinal cord is this?

Spinal nerve roots exit the vertebral column through intervertebral foramen above correspoinding vertebra

A

Cervial region

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22
Q

C8 spinal nerve roots emerges from where?

A

Between C7 and T1 vertebra

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23
Q

After transitting through intervertebral foramen, the spinal nerve splits into 2 marking what?

A

End of spinal region and beginning of peripheral nervous system

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24
Q

What does the dorsal rami innervate?

A

Paravertebral muscles, posterior parts of vertebrae and overlying cutaneous areas

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25
Q

What does the ventral rami innervate?

A

Skeletal, muscularm and cutaneous areas of limbs & anterior & lateral trunk

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26
Q

What type of neruon is this?

neurons that begin and end within the spinal cord

A

Propriospinal nerve

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27
Q

What is the following cell called?

Cells with long axons connecting the spinal cord with the brain

A

Tract cells

28
Q

What do the dorsal & lateral columns of white matter contain?

A

Contains axons of tract cells, transmitting sensory information to the brain

29
Q

What do the lateral and anterior columns of white matter contain?

A

Contains axons of UMN conveying information descending from the brain to interneurons and LMN

30
Q

Are the folloiwng tracts descending or anterior & lateral or anterior

  • lateral corticospinal tract
  • lateral reticulospinal tract
A
  • Descending tract
  • Lateral column
31
Q

Are the folloiwng tracts descending or anterior & lateral or anterior

  • medial (anterior) corticospinal tract
  • medial reticulospinal tract
  • medial & lateral vestibulospinal tract
A
  • Descending tract
  • Anterior column
32
Q

Is the folloiwng tract descending or anterior; lateral, anterior, dorsal

  • dorsal column medial lemniscus sytem (fasciculus gracilis, fasiciulus cuneatus
A
  • ascending tract
  • dorsal column
33
Q

Is the folloiwng tract descending or anterior; lateral, anterior, dorsal

  • spinocerebellar tracts
  • lateral spinothalamic tracts
A
  • ascending tracts
  • lateral column
34
Q

Is the folloiwng tract descending or anterior; lateral, anterior, dorsal

  • medial (anterior) spinothalamic tract
A
  • ascending tract
  • anterior column
35
Q

What does the dorsal horn process?

A

sensory informatoin

36
Q

What does the lateral horn process?

A

Autonomic information

37
Q

What does the ventral horn process?

A

motor information

38
Q

What do spinal interneurons include?

A

includes cells that remain entirely within gray matter and cells whose axons travel in white matter

39
Q

Where is nuceus dorsalis (Clarke’s column) located?

A

Medial gray matter anterior to dorsal horn from levels T1-L3

40
Q

What type of information is recieved by nucleus dorsalis

A

recives proprioceptive information and its axons relay unconscious propriocpetive information to the cerebellum

41
Q

Where is the lateral horn present?

A

Only at T1-L2 spinal segments

42
Q

What does the lateral horn contain?

A

cell bodes of preganglionic sympathetic neurons

43
Q

Preganglionic autonomic neurons are what type of neuron?

A

Efferent neuron

44
Q

Where do sympathetic and parasympathetic preganglionic neurons exit the cord?

A

Via ventral root

45
Q

Which meninges layer is this?

  • tough outer layer
  • forms dural sac that surrounds entire spinal cord
A

Dura mater

46
Q

What is this space called?

space between L1-L2 & S2

A

Lumbar cistern

47
Q

True epidural space seperates what?

A

Dura from periosteum of the vertebrae

48
Q

What is epidural space filled with?

A

Fat and the vertebral venous plexus

49
Q

What is the arachnoid seperated from the pia by?

A

CSF in suarachnoid space (intrathecal)

50
Q

What is the space between arachnoid and dura?

A

Supdural space

51
Q

What is the supdural space filled with?

A
  • filled with CSF
  • spinal blood vessels are suspended in arachnoid trabeculae in this space
52
Q

The pia gives off what ligament that pierces the arachnoid and attaches to the dura?

A

Denticulate ligament

53
Q

What does the dentigulate ligament seperate?

A

Anterior and posterior rootlets

54
Q

Where does the blood supply of the spinal cord come from?

A

Vertebral-basilar system and segmental arteries of the aorta

55
Q

Paried posterior spinal arteries branch off what?

A

Posterior inferior cerebellar arteries or the vertebral artery

56
Q

What do anterior and posterior arteries give off?

A

Coronal branches that anastomse with each other

57
Q

What do the anterior spinal arteries supply?

A

Anterior two-thirds of the spinal cord

58
Q

What do the posterior spinal arteries supply?

A

posterior third of spinal cord

59
Q

Where does the great radicular artery arise from?

A

from the aorta at T12

60
Q

What spinal cord tract is this?

  • Orign: peripheral receptors; first-order neuron synapses in medulla
  • Function: conveys information about light touch and concious proprioception
A

DCML

61
Q

What spinal cord tract is this?

  • Orign: dorsal horn of spinal cord
  • Function: conveys discriminative information about nocieption & temperature
A

Spinothalamic

62
Q

What spinal cord tract is this?

  • Origin: high-accuracy paths origniate in peripheral receptors; first-order neurons synapse in nucleus dorsalis or medulla
  • Function: conveys unconscious proprioceptive information
A

Posterior spinocerebellar tract

63
Q

What spinal cord tract is this?

  • Origin: internal feedback tracts originate in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord
  • Function: conveys info about activity in UMN pathways & spinal interneurons
A

Anterior spinocerebellar

64
Q

What spinal cord tract is this?

  • Origin: Supplementary motor, premotor, and primary motor cerebral cortex
  • Function: contralateral selective motor control, particulary hand movements
A

Lateral corticospinal

65
Q

What spinal cord tract is this?

Orign: supplementary motor, premotor, & primary motor cerebral cortex
Function: control of neck, shldr, & trunk muscles

A

Medial corticospinal

66
Q

What spinal cord tract is this?

  • Origin: reticular formation in medulla & pons
  • Function: Facilitates postural muscles and gross limb movements
A

Reticulospinal

67
Q

What spinal cord tract is this?

Orign: vestibular nuceli in medulla and pons
medial tract function: adjusts activity in neck and upper back muscles
lateral tract function: ipsilaterally faciliates LMN to extensors; inhibts LMN to flexors

A

Vestibulospinal

Clinical Neuroscience (22 decks)

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