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Clinical Neuroscience > Internal Organization of the Spinal Cord > Flashcards

Internal Organization of the Spinal Cord Flashcards

1
Q

What do vertical grooves mark?

A

External Spinal Cord

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2
Q

Is the following anterior or posterior spinal cord?

deep medial fissure & two anterolateral sulci where nerve rootlets emerge from the spinal cord

A

Anterior spinal cord

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3
Q

Is the following anterior or posterior spinal cord?

shallow median sulcus and two posterolateral sulci where nerve rootlets enter the spinal cord

A

Posterior spinal cord

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4
Q

Why do cervical & lumbar regions have more gray matter?

A
  • regions innervate the limbs motor neurons for all limb muscles are located at these levels
  • sensory neurons for all limb muscles are located at these levels
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5
Q

Why is there more white matter as you move from caudal to rostral segments?

A
  • ascending/descending axons are being added
  • cervical spinal cord has most white matter b/c it is carrying information to and from all levels of spinal cord
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6
Q

C8 spinal cord segment is at what vertebral level?

A

C6-7 vertebral bodies at level of C6 spinous process

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7
Q

T1 spinal cord segment is at what vertebral level?

A

C7-T1 vertebral bodies at level of C7 spinous process

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8
Q

T10-11 spinal cord segments are at what vertebral level?

A

T9 vertebral body at level of T8 spinous process

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9
Q

L2-L5 spinal cord segments are at what vertebral level?

A

T12 vertebral body at level of T10 spinous process

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10
Q

S1-5 spinal cord segments are at what vertebral level?

A

L1 vertebral body at level of T12 and L1 spinous processes

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11
Q

What is the following structure?

Located at the end of the spinal cord at L1-2 intervertebral space

A

Conus medullaris

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12
Q

What is the following structure?

long roots required for axons from termination of spinal cord to exit lumbosacral vertebral column

A

Cauda equina

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13
Q

What is the following structre?

  • located inferior to end of spinalcord
  • bundle of connective tissue & glia that connects the end of the spinal cord to coccyx
A

Filum terminale

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14
Q

What is the following structure?

axons of LMN cells that leave the anterolateral cord in small groups

A

Rootlets

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15
Q

Ventral rootlets from a single segment merge to form what?

A

Ventral root

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16
Q

Dorsal root sensory axons enter where in the spinal cord?

A

Posterolateral spinal cord via rootlets

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17
Q

Dorsal root ganglion contains what

A

Cell bodies of sensory neurons

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18
Q

Sensory axons with large-diameter fibers transmitting propriocetive and touch info. are located medially or laterally?

A

Medially

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19
Q

Sensory axons with small-diameter fibers transmitting nociception and temp. information are located medially or laterally?

A

Laterally

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20
Q

How is spinal cord organized?

A

Segmentally

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21
Q

What part of the spinal cord is this?

Spinal nerve roots exit the vertebral column through intervertebral foramen above correspoinding vertebra

A

Cervial region

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22
Q

C8 spinal nerve roots emerges from where?

A

Between C7 and T1 vertebra

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23
Q

After transitting through intervertebral foramen, the spinal nerve splits into 2 marking what?

A

End of spinal region and beginning of peripheral nervous system

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24
Q

What does the dorsal rami innervate?

A

Paravertebral muscles, posterior parts of vertebrae and overlying cutaneous areas

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25
What does the ventral rami innervate?
Skeletal, muscularm and cutaneous areas of limbs & anterior & lateral trunk
26
# What type of neruon is this? neurons that begin and end within the spinal cord
Propriospinal nerve
27
# What is the following cell called? Cells with long axons connecting the spinal cord with the brain
Tract cells
28
What do the dorsal & lateral columns of white matter contain?
Contains axons of tract cells, transmitting sensory information to the brain
29
What do the lateral and anterior columns of white matter contain?
Contains axons of UMN conveying information descending from the brain to interneurons and LMN
30
# Are the folloiwng tracts descending or anterior & lateral or anterior - lateral corticospinal tract - lateral reticulospinal tract
- Descending tract - Lateral column
31
# Are the folloiwng tracts descending or anterior & lateral or anterior - medial (anterior) corticospinal tract - medial reticulospinal tract - medial & lateral vestibulospinal tract
- Descending tract - Anterior column
32
# Is the folloiwng tract descending or anterior; lateral, anterior, dorsal - dorsal column medial lemniscus sytem (fasciculus gracilis, fasiciulus cuneatus
- ascending tract - dorsal column
33
# Is the folloiwng tract descending or anterior; lateral, anterior, dorsal - spinocerebellar tracts - lateral spinothalamic tracts
- ascending tracts - lateral column
34
# Is the folloiwng tract descending or anterior; lateral, anterior, dorsal - medial (anterior) spinothalamic tract
- ascending tract - anterior column
35
What does the dorsal horn process?
sensory informatoin
36
What does the lateral horn process?
Autonomic information
37
What does the ventral horn process?
motor information
38
What do spinal interneurons include?
includes cells that remain entirely within gray matter and cells whose axons travel in white matter
39
Where is nuceus dorsalis (Clarke's column) located?
Medial gray matter anterior to dorsal horn from levels T1-L3
40
What type of information is recieved by nucleus dorsalis
recives proprioceptive information and its axons relay unconscious propriocpetive information to the cerebellum
41
Where is the lateral horn present?
Only at T1-L2 spinal segments
42
What does the lateral horn contain?
cell bodes of preganglionic sympathetic neurons
43
Preganglionic autonomic neurons are what type of neuron?
Efferent neuron
44
Where do sympathetic and parasympathetic preganglionic neurons exit the cord?
Via ventral root
45
# Which meninges layer is this? - tough outer layer - forms dural sac that surrounds entire spinal cord
Dura mater
46
# What is this space called? space between L1-L2 & S2
Lumbar cistern
47
True epidural space seperates what?
Dura from periosteum of the vertebrae
48
What is epidural space filled with?
Fat and the vertebral venous plexus
49
What is the arachnoid seperated from the pia by?
CSF in suarachnoid space (intrathecal)
50
What is the space between arachnoid and dura?
Supdural space
51
What is the supdural space filled with?
- filled with CSF - spinal blood vessels are suspended in arachnoid trabeculae in this space
52
The pia gives off what ligament that pierces the arachnoid and attaches to the dura?
Denticulate ligament
53
What does the dentigulate ligament seperate?
Anterior and posterior rootlets
54
Where does the blood supply of the spinal cord come from?
Vertebral-basilar system and segmental arteries of the aorta
55
Paried posterior spinal arteries branch off what?
Posterior inferior cerebellar arteries or the vertebral artery
56
What do anterior and posterior arteries give off?
Coronal branches that anastomse with each other
57
What do the anterior spinal arteries supply?
Anterior two-thirds of the spinal cord
58
What do the posterior spinal arteries supply?
posterior third of spinal cord
59
Where does the great radicular artery arise from?
from the aorta at T12
60
# What spinal cord tract is this? - Orign: peripheral receptors; first-order neuron synapses in medulla - Function: conveys information about light touch and concious proprioception
DCML
61
# What spinal cord tract is this? - Orign: dorsal horn of spinal cord - Function: conveys discriminative information about nocieption & temperature
Spinothalamic
62
# What spinal cord tract is this? - Origin: high-accuracy paths origniate in peripheral receptors; first-order neurons synapse in nucleus dorsalis or medulla - Function: conveys unconscious proprioceptive information
Posterior spinocerebellar tract
63
# What spinal cord tract is this? - Origin: internal feedback tracts originate in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord - Function: conveys info about activity in UMN pathways & spinal interneurons
Anterior spinocerebellar
64
# What spinal cord tract is this? - Origin: Supplementary motor, premotor, and primary motor cerebral cortex - Function: contralateral selective motor control, particulary hand movements
Lateral corticospinal
65
# What spinal cord tract is this? Orign: supplementary motor, premotor, & primary motor cerebral cortex Function: control of neck, shldr, & trunk muscles
Medial corticospinal
66
# What spinal cord tract is this? - Origin: reticular formation in medulla & pons - Function: Facilitates postural muscles and gross limb movements
Reticulospinal
67
# What spinal cord tract is this? Orign: vestibular nuceli in medulla and pons medial tract function: adjusts activity in neck and upper back muscles lateral tract function: ipsilaterally faciliates LMN to extensors; inhibts LMN to flexors
Vestibulospinal

Clinical Neuroscience (22 decks)

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