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Clinical Neuroscience > Introduction to Peripheral Nervous System > Flashcards

Introduction to Peripheral Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What is voluntary component of peripheral nervous system?

A

Somatic Nervous System

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2
Q

What permits conscious perception of external environment via sensory or afferent fibers and facilities voluntary body movement to the perception via motor or efferent fibers

A

Somatic Nervous System

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3
Q

What carries information from the skin, skeletal muscle and joints?

A

Somatic sensory fibers

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4
Q

What carries information to skeletal musculature?

A

Somatic motor fibers

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5
Q

What system is involuntary component of PNS and monitors and controls function of internal organs, blood vessels, and structures of skin?

A

Autonomic nervous system

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6
Q

What carries information from viscera of body core, thoracic, and abdominal and pelvic organs?

A

Visceral sensory fibers

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7
Q

What is motor innervation to viscera of body core and periphery blood vessels and sweat glands?

A

Visceral motor fibers

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8
Q

What is this following?
- has neurons that bring sensory information towards CNS
- has neurons that relay motor and autonomic innervation from CNS back out to body to respond to stimulus
- has cranial and spinal nerves

A

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

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9
Q

What sends information from sensory receptors to the CNS and has specialized structures that detect pain, temperature, vibration, fine touch, and perception?

A

Sensory (afferent) division

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10
Q

What carries sensory information from somites to CNS

A

Somatic Sensory General Somatic Afferent

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11
Q

What carries sensory information from internal organs, smooth muscle and glands to the CNS

A

Visceral Sensory General Viscera Afferent

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12
Q

What conducts information from CNS to periphery

A

motor (efferent) neuron

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13
Q

What is automatic and processes what we don’t consciously control?

A

Autonomic

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14
Q

What is muscles derived from somites (skeletal muscle)

A

Somatic

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15
Q

What contains cell bodies of sensory pseudounipolar neurons

A

Spinal (dorsal root ganglia)

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16
Q

What anastomizes adjacent to spinal cord and forms short mixed sensory and motor spinal nerves

A

Posterior (dorsal) and anterior (ventral) nerve root

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17
Q

Where are the nerves exiting the anterior ramus directed?

A

Directed to limbs and anterolateral portions of the trunk

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18
Q

Where do nerves exit the posterior ramus?

A

Located in neck and posterior portion of the trunk and innervates muscles and skin

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19
Q

What is connected to sensory receptors and effector organs?

A

Peripheral nerves

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20
Q

What does each spinal cord level give rise to?

A

Bilateral dorsal and ventral rootlets

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21
Q

Where to spinal nerve roots exit the spinal cord?

A

Laterally

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22
Q

What root carries sensory fibers, which conduct impulses in one direction toward spinal cord?

A

Dorsal root

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23
Q

Where does the dorsal root enter the spine?

A

Posterolateral sulcus

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24
Q

What root carries motor fibers which conduct impulses away from spinal cord?

A

Ventral root

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25
Q

Where does the ventral root exit the spinal cord?

A

Anterolateral sulcus

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26
Q

How do the upper vertebral canal nerves course?

A

horizontally

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27
Q

How to the middle vertebral canal nerves course?

A

obliquely

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28
Q

How to the bottom vertebral canal nerves course?

A

vertically

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29
Q

What supplies limbs and anterolateral body wall?

A

Ventral ramus

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30
Q

What supplies deep back muscles and skin of back

A

Dorsal ramus

31
Q

What sensory axons from body pass through and enter spinal cord segment into dorsal horn and is located in vertebral canal?

A

Dorsal root

32
Q

What motor axons exit through anterior horn where cell bodies lie project from spinal cord segment passing through ventral horn and is located in vertebral canal?

A

Ventral root

33
Q

What has sensory distribution of each dorsal nerve root

A

Dermatome

34
Q

Which dermatomes have spiral orienatiation that related partially to rotation that the limbs undergo during embryological development

A

Dermatome of limbs

35
Q

Which dermatome is oriented has horizontal axons?

A

Dermatome of trunk

36
Q

Which dermatome is innervated by C2-C4 spinal nerve roots?

A

Dermatome of head and neck

37
Q

What dermatome is innervated by C5 - T1 spinal nerve roots?

A

Upper Limb

38
Q

What dermatomes are innervated by T2 - T12 spinal nerve roots?

A

Thorax and abdomen

39
Q

What dermatomes are innervated by L1 - S3 spinal nerve roots?

A

Lower Limb

40
Q

What enables differentiation between spinal nerve root and peripheral nerve damage?

A

Sensory impairment

41
Q

What impairment involves cutaneous distribution of peripheral nerve

A

Lesion of Peripheral nerve

42
Q

What impairment involves its corresponding dermatome?

A

Spinal nerve root

43
Q

What is group of muscles innervated via ventral roots of a segment of spinal cord

A

Myotomes

44
Q

What is collection of cell bodies found in somatic and autonomic nervous system

A

Ganglia

45
Q

What has no ganglia and its cell bodies are located in CNS and called nuclei

A

Somatic motor system

46
Q

What is in somatic nervous system and includes dorsal root ganglia, and ganglia of selected cranial nerves

A

sensory ganglia

47
Q

What has cell bodies of somatic sensory fibers in spinal nerve?

A

dorsal root ganglia

48
Q

What has special sensory functions

A

cranial ganglia

49
Q

What includes sympathetic chain ganglia called paravertebral ganglia (located close to spine)

A

Autonomic ganglia

50
Q

What lies between sympathetic chain ganglia and target organs and parasympathetic ganglia

A

Collateral ganglia

51
Q

What is found in head and neck and is part of cranial nerves of trunk close to thoracic and abdomen/pelvic organs

A

parasympathetic terminal ganglia

52
Q

What innervates paravertebral muscles, posterior parts of vertebrae and overlying cutaneous areas?

A

Dorsal/Posterior ramus

53
Q

What innervates skeletal, muscular, and cutaneous areas of the limbs and the anterior and lateral trunk?

A

Ventral/Anterior Ramus

54
Q

What conveys pre-ganglionic fibers to the paravertebral ganglia

A

White ramus communicans

55
Q

What conveys post-ganglionic fibers to the target tissues

A

Gray ramus communicans

56
Q

What is distal extension of anterior and posterior ramus of each vertebral level

A

peripheral nerves

57
Q

What is bundle of axons?

A

Fasicles

58
Q

What is an extension of dura mater?
- surrounds entire nerve
- provides tensile strength through the longest part of nerve

A

Epinerium

59
Q

What is extension of arachnoid?
- covers each individual fasicle
- provides blood-nerve barrier
- open ended in some areas and allows toxins/viruses to gain access to nervous system

A

Perinerium

60
Q

What is the thin layer of collagenous fiber?
- separates individual axons
- electrically insulates axons
- directs regrowth of nerve fibers after injury

A

Endonerium

61
Q

What are the 4 nerve plexuses?

A
  • cervical
  • brachial
  • lumbar
  • sacral
62
Q

What is this neve plexues?

  • formed by anterior rami C1 - C4
  • sensation from posterior scalp to clavicle
  • motor to anterior neck muscles and diaphgram
  • sympathetic innervation
A

Cervical

63
Q

What is this neve plexues?

  • formed by anterior rami C5 - T1
  • sensory and motor to entire upper limb
  • sympathetic innervation
A

Brachial

64
Q

What is this neve plexues?

  • formed by anterior rami L1 - L4
  • sensory and motor to anterior and medial thigh
  • sensory to medial lower leg and foot
  • sympathetic innervation
A

Lumbar

65
Q

What is this neve plexues?

  • formed by anterior rami S1 - S4
  • sensory and motor to posterior thigh, most of lower leg and entire foot
  • parasympathetic innervation
A

Sacral

66
Q

What does CN X (vagus) innervate?

A

thoracic and abdominal viscera

67
Q

Which CN’s are within the skull have NO peripheral component and myelinated by oligodendrocytes

A

CN I and II (olfactory and optic)

68
Q

Which CN’s are outside of the skull and are myelinated by Schwann cells

A

CN III - XII

69
Q

What are these the functions of?

  • supply motor innervation to muscles of face, eyes, tongue, jaw and SCM and traps
  • convey somatosensory information to the skin and muscles of face and TMJ
  • convey special sensory information
  • provide parasympathetic regulation of pupil size, curvature of eye lens, HR, BP, breathing, and digestion
A

Functions of cranial nerves

70
Q

What receptor is found in skin and responds to pain, temperature, touch and pressure

A

Extroceptors

71
Q

What receptors are found in muscles, tendons, and joints and signals body position and movement awareness

A

Proprioceptors

72
Q

What receptors are found in viscera and monitor change within the body?

A

Enteroceptors

73
Q

What junction is synaptic connection between neurons and skeletal muscle

A

Neuromuscular junctions

74
Q

What junction is connection between neurons and smooth muscle cells or glands

A

Neuroeffector junction

Clinical Neuroscience (22 decks)

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