Introduction to Peripheral Nervous System

Question 1

What is voluntary component of peripheral nervous system?

Answer 1

Somatic Nervous System

Question 2

What permits conscious perception of external environment via sensory or afferent fibers and facilities voluntary body movement to the perception via motor or efferent fibers

Answer 2

Somatic Nervous System

Question 3

What carries information from the skin, skeletal muscle and joints?

Answer 3

Somatic sensory fibers

Question 4

What carries information to skeletal musculature?

Answer 4

Somatic motor fibers

Question 5

What system is involuntary component of PNS and monitors and controls function of internal organs, blood vessels, and structures of skin?

Answer 5

Autonomic nervous system

Question 6

What carries information from viscera of body core, thoracic, and abdominal and pelvic organs?

Answer 6

Visceral sensory fibers

Question 7

What is motor innervation to viscera of body core and periphery blood vessels and sweat glands?

Answer 7

Visceral motor fibers

Question 8

What is this following?
- has neurons that bring sensory information towards CNS
- has neurons that relay motor and autonomic innervation from CNS back out to body to respond to stimulus
- has cranial and spinal nerves

Answer 8

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Question 9

What sends information from sensory receptors to the CNS and has specialized structures that detect pain, temperature, vibration, fine touch, and perception?

Answer 9

Sensory (afferent) division

Question 10

What carries sensory information from somites to CNS

Answer 10

Somatic Sensory General Somatic Afferent

Question 11

What carries sensory information from internal organs, smooth muscle and glands to the CNS

Answer 11

Visceral Sensory General Viscera Afferent

Question 12

What conducts information from CNS to periphery

Answer 12

motor (efferent) neuron

Question 13

What is automatic and processes what we don’t consciously control?

Answer 13

Autonomic

Question 14

What is muscles derived from somites (skeletal muscle)

Answer 14

Somatic

Question 15

What contains cell bodies of sensory pseudounipolar neurons

Answer 15

Spinal (dorsal root ganglia)

Question 16

What anastomizes adjacent to spinal cord and forms short mixed sensory and motor spinal nerves

Answer 16

Posterior (dorsal) and anterior (ventral) nerve root

Question 17

Where are the nerves exiting the anterior ramus directed?

Answer 17

Directed to limbs and anterolateral portions of the trunk

Question 18

Where do nerves exit the posterior ramus?

Answer 18

Located in neck and posterior portion of the trunk and innervates muscles and skin

Question 19

What is connected to sensory receptors and effector organs?

Answer 19

Peripheral nerves

Question 20

What does each spinal cord level give rise to?

Answer 20

Bilateral dorsal and ventral rootlets

Question 21

Where to spinal nerve roots exit the spinal cord?

Answer 21

Laterally

Question 22

What root carries sensory fibers, which conduct impulses in one direction toward spinal cord?

Answer 22

Dorsal root

Question 23

Where does the dorsal root enter the spine?

Answer 23

Posterolateral sulcus

Question 24

What root carries motor fibers which conduct impulses away from spinal cord?

Answer 24

Ventral root

Question 25

Where does the ventral root exit the spinal cord?

Answer 25

Anterolateral sulcus

Question 26

How do the upper vertebral canal nerves course?

Answer 26

horizontally

Question 27

How to the middle vertebral canal nerves course?

Answer 27

obliquely

Question 28

How to the bottom vertebral canal nerves course?

Answer 28

vertically

Question 29

What supplies limbs and anterolateral body wall?

Answer 29

Ventral ramus

Question 30

What supplies deep back muscles and skin of back

Answer 30

Dorsal ramus

Question 31

What sensory axons from body pass through and enter spinal cord segment into dorsal horn and is located in vertebral canal?

Answer 31

Dorsal root

Question 32

What motor axons exit through anterior horn where cell bodies lie project from spinal cord segment passing through ventral horn and is located in vertebral canal?

Answer 32

Ventral root

Question 33

What has sensory distribution of each dorsal nerve root

Answer 33

Dermatome

Question 34

Which dermatomes have spiral orienatiation that related partially to rotation that the limbs undergo during embryological development

Answer 34

Dermatome of limbs

Question 35

Which dermatome is oriented has horizontal axons?

Answer 35

Dermatome of trunk

Question 36

Which dermatome is innervated by C2-C4 spinal nerve roots?

Answer 36

Dermatome of head and neck

Question 37

What dermatome is innervated by C5 - T1 spinal nerve roots?

Answer 37

Upper Limb

Question 38

What dermatomes are innervated by T2 - T12 spinal nerve roots?

Answer 38

Thorax and abdomen

Question 39

What dermatomes are innervated by L1 - S3 spinal nerve roots?

Answer 39

Lower Limb

Question 40

What enables differentiation between spinal nerve root and peripheral nerve damage?

Answer 40

Sensory impairment

Question 41

What impairment involves cutaneous distribution of peripheral nerve

Answer 41

Lesion of Peripheral nerve

Question 42

What impairment involves its corresponding dermatome?

Answer 42

Spinal nerve root

Question 43

What is group of muscles innervated via ventral roots of a segment of spinal cord

Answer 43

Myotomes

Question 44

What is collection of cell bodies found in somatic and autonomic nervous system

Answer 44

Ganglia

Question 45

What has no ganglia and its cell bodies are located in CNS and called nuclei

Answer 45

Somatic motor system

Question 46

What is in somatic nervous system and includes dorsal root ganglia, and ganglia of selected cranial nerves

Answer 46

sensory ganglia

Question 47

What has cell bodies of somatic sensory fibers in spinal nerve?

Answer 47

dorsal root ganglia

Question 48

What has special sensory functions

Answer 48

cranial ganglia

Question 49

What includes sympathetic chain ganglia called paravertebral ganglia (located close to spine)

Answer 49

Autonomic ganglia

Question 50

What lies between sympathetic chain ganglia and target organs and parasympathetic ganglia

Answer 50

Collateral ganglia

Question 51

What is found in head and neck and is part of cranial nerves of trunk close to thoracic and abdomen/pelvic organs

Answer 51

parasympathetic terminal ganglia

Question 52

What innervates paravertebral muscles, posterior parts of vertebrae and overlying cutaneous areas?

Answer 52

Dorsal/Posterior ramus

Question 53

What innervates skeletal, muscular, and cutaneous areas of the limbs and the anterior and lateral trunk?

Answer 53

Ventral/Anterior Ramus

Question 54

What conveys pre-ganglionic fibers to the paravertebral ganglia

Answer 54

White ramus communicans

Question 55

What conveys post-ganglionic fibers to the target tissues

Answer 55

Gray ramus communicans

Question 56

What is distal extension of anterior and posterior ramus of each vertebral level

Answer 56

peripheral nerves

Question 57

What is bundle of axons?

Answer 57

Fasicles

Question 58

What is an extension of dura mater? - surrounds entire nerve - provides tensile strength through the longest part of nerve

Answer 58

Epinerium

Question 59

What is extension of arachnoid? - covers each individual fasicle - provides blood-nerve barrier - open ended in some areas and allows toxins/viruses to gain access to nervous system

Answer 59

Perinerium

Question 60

What is the thin layer of collagenous fiber? - separates individual axons - electrically insulates axons - directs regrowth of nerve fibers after injury

Answer 60

Endonerium

Question 61

What are the 4 nerve plexuses?

Answer 61

- cervical - brachial - lumbar - sacral

Question 62

# What is this neve plexues? - formed by anterior rami C1 - C4 - sensation from posterior scalp to clavicle - motor to anterior neck muscles and diaphgram - sympathetic innervation

Answer 62

Cervical

Question 63

# What is this neve plexues? - formed by anterior rami C5 - T1 - sensory and motor to entire upper limb - sympathetic innervation

Answer 63

Brachial

Question 64

# What is this neve plexues? - formed by anterior rami L1 - L4 - sensory and motor to anterior and medial thigh - sensory to medial lower leg and foot - sympathetic innervation

Answer 64

Lumbar

Question 65

# What is this neve plexues? - formed by anterior rami S1 - S4 - sensory and motor to posterior thigh, most of lower leg and entire foot - parasympathetic innervation

Answer 65

Sacral

Question 66

What does CN X (vagus) innervate?

Answer 66

thoracic and abdominal viscera

Question 67

Which CN's are within the skull have NO peripheral component and myelinated by oligodendrocytes

Answer 67

CN I and II (olfactory and optic)

Question 68

Which CN's are outside of the skull and are myelinated by Schwann cells

Answer 68

CN III - XII

Question 69

# What are these the functions of? - supply motor innervation to muscles of face, eyes, tongue, jaw and SCM and traps - convey somatosensory information to the skin and muscles of face and TMJ - convey special sensory information - provide parasympathetic regulation of pupil size, curvature of eye lens, HR, BP, breathing, and digestion

Answer 69

Functions of cranial nerves

Question 70

What receptor is found in skin and responds to pain, temperature, touch and pressure

Answer 70

Extroceptors

Question 71

What receptors are found in muscles, tendons, and joints and signals body position and movement awareness

Answer 71

Proprioceptors

Question 72

What receptors are found in viscera and monitor change within the body?

Answer 72

Enteroceptors

Question 73

What junction is synaptic connection between neurons and skeletal muscle

Answer 73

Neuromuscular junctions

Question 74

What junction is connection between neurons and smooth muscle cells or glands

Answer 74

Neuroeffector junction