Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Renal > The kidney in systemic disease > Flashcards

The kidney in systemic disease Flashcards

1
Q

What are the haemodynamic changes seen with dibaetic nephropathy initially?

A

afferent arteriolar vasodilation mediated by a range of vaso-active mediators–hyperfiltration–increased GFR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What happens in response to the hyperfiltration in the kidney?

A

renal hypertrophy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What happens in renal hypertrophy?

A

plasma glucose stimualtes growth factors within the kidney leading to mesnagial expansion, nodule formation of diffuse glomerulosclerosis; tubulointerstital fibrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What causes proteinuria in diabetic nephroapthy?

A

GBM thickening and podocyte dysfunction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the name of mesangial nodules in diabetic nephropathy?

A

Kimmelstiel-Wilson lesions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the management of diabetic nephropathy?

A

tight glycaemic control; tight BP control (<130/80); statins; ACEi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the problem with peritoneal dialysis in diabetic patients?

A

can mess up gycaemic control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is one of the main reasons that diabetic survival on dialysis is so poor?

A

once a diabetic patient gets to ESRF they have a very high CVS risk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is ischaemic nephropathy?

A

reduced GFR associated with reduced renal blood flow beyond the level of autoregulatory compensation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does long periods of ischaemic nephropathy lead to?

A

renal atrophy and progressive CKD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the renovascular causes of secondary HT?

A

atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis and fibromuscular dysplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Why does renal artery stenosis and fibromuscular dysplasia cause seondary HT?

A

a reduction in renal perfusion activates a reponseto increase systemic arterial BP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Who gets renal artery stenosis?

A

> 50s; males; risk factors for generalised atherosclerosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the presentation of renal artery stenosis?

A

AKI after treatment of HT- usually with ACEi; flash pulmonary oedema; renal bruit; discrepancy in kidney size (as renal artery stenosis is usually unilateral)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the treatmnet for renal artery stenosis?

A

statins; anti-platelets and ACEi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

When are ACEi contra-indicated?

A

bilateral renal artery stenosis

17
Q

What is the presentation of fibromuscular dysplasia?

A

female 15-40 who presents with really high BP

18
Q

What other conditions is fibromuscular dysplasia assocaited with?

A

Ehlers-Danlos

19
Q

What other arteries can fibromuscular dysplasia invovle?

A

cerebral arteries eg carotid artery dissection

20
Q

What is the treatmnet for fibromuscular dysplasia?

A

angiography and stenting

21
Q

What happens in myeloma?

A

cancer of plasma cells- collections of abnormal cells in bone marrow impariing the production of normal blood cells and production of paraprotein

22
Q

What is paraprotein?

A

abnormal antibody

23
Q

What are the signs of multiple myeoma?

A

lytic bone lesions; serum/urine Ig; plasma cells in bone; hypercalcaemia

24
Q

What are the clinical manifeestations of multiple myeloma?

A

anaemia; hypercalcaemia; renal fialure; amyloidosis; recurrent infections; bone pain; weakness; fatigue; weight loss

25
Q

What is the classic presentation of multplie myeloma?

A

back pain and renal failure

26
Q

What happens at the glomerulus with myeloma?

A

immunoglobulin deposition

27
Q

What happens to the tubules in myeloma?

A

light chain cast nephropathy which irritates the tubules and causes scarring

28
Q

What is done on bloods to look for myeloma?

A

serum protein electrophoresis and serum free light chains

29
Q

What is done on urine to look for myeloma?

A

Bence Jones Protein- may be dipstick negative

30
Q

What is the treatmnet for myeloma?

A

stop nephrotoxics and manage hypercalcaemia; chemo and stem cell transplant

31
Q

What types of vasculitis tend to affect the kidneys?

A

small vessel

32
Q

What type of inflammation does GPA cause?

A

nectrotising granulomatous inflammation

33
Q

What other organ does GPA affect?

A

lungs

34
Q

What is EGPA assocaited with?

A

astham and eosinophilia; 2/3 have skin involvement

35
Q

What are antibodies formed against in microscopic polyangiitis?

A

MPO

36
Q

What is the treatmnet for vasculitis?

A

immunosuppression- steorids and cyclophsophamide; plasma exchange

37
Q

What is the most frequently observed abnoamlity to do with kidneys in SLE?

A

proteinuria

38
Q

What type of kidney disase is caused by SLE?

A

lots- differentiated by biopsy

39
Q

Wh is it important to know the type of rean ldisease with SLE?

A

determines how aggressive the treatment is

Renal (33 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions