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Renal > Imaging > Flashcards

Imaging Flashcards

1
Q

What types of diseases can simulate renal colic?

A

pyelonephritis and gynaecological disease

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2
Q

What should you do to excluse ureteric obstruction if pyelonephritis or gynae problems are suspected?

A

US

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3
Q

What is the first line test in patients with suspected renal colic?

A

KUB xray

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4
Q

What is the problem with KUB xray?

A

only a minority of renal calculi are visible on KUB xray

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5
Q

Why is KUB xray done first line instead of CT?

A

easy to obtain and may show dense ureteric calculus

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6
Q

What is the image of choice for renal colic?

A

unenhanced CT

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7
Q

Why are 2 xray plates done with KUB xrays?

A

generally abdomens are too large to fit on a single xray plate

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8
Q

What is the normal ureteric anatomy

A

pass inferiorly over psoas muscles; descend anterior to tips of lumbar transverse processes; corss the iliac bifurcation and enter the pelvis and pass posteromedially to enter the posterior aspect of hte bladder

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9
Q

What are the advantages of CT over IVU?

A

CT is quicker and there aren’t the risks assocaited with contrast; CT may show alternative diagnoses

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10
Q

What are the sites that ureteric calculi tend to get stuck?

A

pelviureteric junction; pelvic brim and vesicoureteric junction

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11
Q

What are the typical mimics of renal calculi?

A

phelboliths; lymph nodes; uretrine fibroids and arterial calcification

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12
Q

What are signs of obstruction?

A

perinephric stranding; hydroureteronephrosis

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13
Q

What patienst should CT be avoided in?

A

pregnancy and non-pregnant young females

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14
Q

After a stone has been identifed on CT why is an xray done?

A

to see if the stone is visible on xray for follow up purposes

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15
Q

What are hte possible causes of macroscopic haematuria?

A

calculi; infection; tumour; urethritis; trauma; clotting disorders

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16
Q

What are the investigations for patients over 50 with macroscopic haematuria?

A

CT urography; cystoscopy

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17
Q

What is the CTU the most sensitive way of detecting?

A

renal parenchymal tumours; urethelial tumours of hte collecting systems of ureters

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18
Q

What is the investigation of under 50s with macroscopic haematuria?

A

US; cystoscopy

19
Q

When would CTU be done in patients under 50 with macrscopic haematuria?

A

when US and cystoscpy are normal and macroscopic haematuria persists

20
Q

What is the difference between MR urography and CTU?

A

MRU is less sensitive for small calculi or upper tract TCC

21
Q

What would fat in a renal mass indicate?

A

angiomyolipoma

22
Q

What condition is angiomyolipoma assocaited with?

A

tuberous sclerosis

23
Q

What are fluid density masses in the kidney?

A

cysts

24
Q

What would indicate that a cyst is malignant?

A

contains solid areas or thick septa

25
Q

How is CT used in staging of tumours?

A

can see local extent of tumour; nodal disease or metastatic spread

26
Q

What is used for renal artery stenosis?

A

MR angiography

27
Q

How is US useful in renal impairment?

A

distinguishing acute from chronic and to guide biospy

28
Q

What may complicate epididymo-orchitis?

A

abscess formation or ischaemia

29
Q

How does epidiymo orchitis appear on US?

A

hypervascular

30
Q

How would testicular torsion appear on US?

A

avascular

31
Q

What is varicocoele?

A

distended pampiniform plexus

32
Q

What is a hydrocoele?

A

collection of fluid around the testis

33
Q

How is renal injury best assessed?

A

by CT

34
Q

What are signs of renal trauma on CT?

A

lack of enhancement of part of the kidney; extravasation of contrast

35
Q

What is the more common mechanims of bladder rupture?

A

extraperitoneal

36
Q

How is extraperitoneal bladder rupture treated?

A

conservativley

37
Q

What causes intraperitoneal bladder rupture?

A

compression of full bladder

38
Q

How is urnary tract trauma diagnosed?

A

cystography or CT cystography

39
Q

What would suggest urethral trauma?

A

meatal bleeding and lack of UO

40
Q

How are strictures in the urethra defined?

A

urethrography

41
Q

What are the non-vascular radiology interventions?

A

nephrostomy to relieve ureteric obstruction; drainage of abscess or cyst; biopsy; guided ablation

42
Q

What are the vascular radiology interventions?

A

correction of renal artery stenosis; control of arterial bleeding sites (embolisation); varicoceole embolisation

43
Q

What type of imaging is nephrostomy done with?

A

fluoroscopy

44
Q

How is embolisation of arteries carriedout?

A

metal coils

Renal (33 decks)

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