Imaging Flashcards

1
Q

What types of diseases can simulate renal colic?

A

pyelonephritis and gynaecological disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What should you do to excluse ureteric obstruction if pyelonephritis or gynae problems are suspected?

A

US

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the first line test in patients with suspected renal colic?

A

KUB xray

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the problem with KUB xray?

A

only a minority of renal calculi are visible on KUB xray

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Why is KUB xray done first line instead of CT?

A

easy to obtain and may show dense ureteric calculus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the image of choice for renal colic?

A

unenhanced CT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Why are 2 xray plates done with KUB xrays?

A

generally abdomens are too large to fit on a single xray plate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the normal ureteric anatomy

A

pass inferiorly over psoas muscles; descend anterior to tips of lumbar transverse processes; corss the iliac bifurcation and enter the pelvis and pass posteromedially to enter the posterior aspect of hte bladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the advantages of CT over IVU?

A

CT is quicker and there aren’t the risks assocaited with contrast; CT may show alternative diagnoses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the sites that ureteric calculi tend to get stuck?

A

pelviureteric junction; pelvic brim and vesicoureteric junction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the typical mimics of renal calculi?

A

phelboliths; lymph nodes; uretrine fibroids and arterial calcification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are signs of obstruction?

A

perinephric stranding; hydroureteronephrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What patienst should CT be avoided in?

A

pregnancy and non-pregnant young females

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

After a stone has been identifed on CT why is an xray done?

A

to see if the stone is visible on xray for follow up purposes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are hte possible causes of macroscopic haematuria?

A

calculi; infection; tumour; urethritis; trauma; clotting disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the investigations for patients over 50 with macroscopic haematuria?

A

CT urography; cystoscopy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the CTU the most sensitive way of detecting?

A

renal parenchymal tumours; urethelial tumours of hte collecting systems of ureters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the investigation of under 50s with macroscopic haematuria?

A

US; cystoscopy

19
Q

When would CTU be done in patients under 50 with macrscopic haematuria?

A

when US and cystoscpy are normal and macroscopic haematuria persists

20
Q

What is the difference between MR urography and CTU?

A

MRU is less sensitive for small calculi or upper tract TCC

21
Q

What would fat in a renal mass indicate?

A

angiomyolipoma

22
Q

What condition is angiomyolipoma assocaited with?

A

tuberous sclerosis

23
Q

What are fluid density masses in the kidney?

24
Q

What would indicate that a cyst is malignant?

A

contains solid areas or thick septa

25
How is CT used in staging of tumours?
can see local extent of tumour; nodal disease or metastatic spread
26
What is used for renal artery stenosis?
MR angiography
27
How is US useful in renal impairment?
distinguishing acute from chronic and to guide biospy
28
What may complicate epididymo-orchitis?
abscess formation or ischaemia
29
How does epidiymo orchitis appear on US?
hypervascular
30
How would testicular torsion appear on US?
avascular
31
What is varicocoele?
distended pampiniform plexus
32
What is a hydrocoele?
collection of fluid around the testis
33
How is renal injury best assessed?
by CT
34
What are signs of renal trauma on CT?
lack of enhancement of part of the kidney; extravasation of contrast
35
What is the more common mechanims of bladder rupture?
extraperitoneal
36
How is extraperitoneal bladder rupture treated?
conservativley
37
What causes intraperitoneal bladder rupture?
compression of full bladder
38
How is urnary tract trauma diagnosed?
cystography or CT cystography
39
What would suggest urethral trauma?
meatal bleeding and lack of UO
40
How are strictures in the urethra defined?
urethrography
41
What are the non-vascular radiology interventions?
nephrostomy to relieve ureteric obstruction; drainage of abscess or cyst; biopsy; guided ablation
42
What are the vascular radiology interventions?
correction of renal artery stenosis; control of arterial bleeding sites (embolisation); varicoceole embolisation
43
What type of imaging is nephrostomy done with?
fluoroscopy
44
How is embolisation of arteries carriedout?
metal coils