Adverse Drug Reactions Flashcards
What is type A ADR?
augmented pharmacologic effects- dose dependent and predictable
What is type B ADR?
bizarre effects which are dose independent and unpredictable
What is type C ADR?
chronic effects
What is type D ADR?
delayed effects
What is type E ADR?
end of treatment effects
What is type F ADR?
failure of therapy
What are the stages of ADR ddetection?
drug development phase; clinical trials; post-marketing surveillance
What drugs can cause AIN/tubular necrosis?
gentamicin; sulphonamides; aspirin
What drug can cause retroperitoneal fibrosis?
methysergide
What drug can cause bone marrow aplasia?
chloramphenicol
What drug can cause hepatic necrosis?
halothane
When do type C ADR occur?
after prolonged therapy with a drug
What are examples of type C ADR?
steroids and cushings; beta-blockers and DM; NSAIDs and HT
what are type D ADR?
ADR that are remote from treatment and often many years after stopping
What are the main types of type D ADR?
teratogenic/carcinogenic effects
When do type E ADR occur?
when drugs are abruptly withdrawn
What are examples of type E ADR?
beta blocker and angina; steroid withdrawal and Addisonian crisis
What is the problem with macrolides and statins being prescribed together?
macrolides interfere with breakdown of statin so increased statin levels will give more statin SE
How do ACEi interfere with SUs?
increase hypoglycaemic effect
What are patients with Parkinson’s more at risk with in terms of drug SE?
have increased risk of drug induced confusion
How can decongestants affect BPH?
have anticholinergic actions so cause urinary retention
What foods can interact with warfarin?
apples; chickpears; spinach; nuts; kiwi and broccoli
