Anatomy 3 Flashcards
What are the 3 types of nerve fibre?
somatic sensory; visceral afferent; somatic moto; parasympathetics and sympathetics
What controls ureteric peristalsis and bladder contraction?
sympathetics and parasympathetics
What controls urethral sphincer control?
internal- sympathetic/parasym; external and levator ani-somatic motor
What type of nerve carries pain from the renal system?
mainly visceral afferent; somatic sensory in perineum (urethra)
Where do sympathetic nerve fibres leave the CNS?
in spinal nerves between T1-L2
How do sympathetic fibres reach the body wall?
within the spinal nerve s
How do sympathetics reac hteh body (eccept the wall)?
wihthin nerves called the splanchnic nerves
What are the 2 types of splanchnic nerve?
cardiopulmonary or abdominopevlic
How do sympathetic reach the head and neck?
via plexuses on arteries- ICA and ECA
How many pairs of spinal nerves are ther?
31
What happens to nerves once they leave the spinal cord?
anterior and posterior roots; then become spinal nerves and then travel in anterior and posterior rami
Which ramus do sympathetic nerves travel in?
anterior rami
What levels do sympathetic nerves leave the spinal cord to reach the kidneys; ureter and bladder?
T10 and L2
Where do sympathetic nerves to the kidney, ureters and bladder synapse?
at abdominal sympatheic ganglia- i.e NOT in the sympathetic chain
Once sympathetics hvae synapsed at the abdominal sympathetic ganglia, where do they go?
pass onto the surface of arteries which are heading towards the organs they are goign to innervate- periarterial plexuses
What other nerves take part in the periarterial plexuses?
parasympathetics and visceral afferents
How do parasympathetics leave the CNS?
within 4 cranial nerves and sacral spinal nerve
What cranial nerves do parasympathetics go in?
III, VII, IX and X
Do parasympathetics innervate the body wall?
no
How do parasympathetics reach the hindgut and pelvic orgnas?
pelvic splanchnic nerves
How are parasympathetics which innervate the kidneys and ureter carried?
in the vagus nerve
How are parasympathetics which innerve the bladder carried?
pelvic splanchnic nerves
what sacral spinal nerves do paraysmpathetics leave from?
S2,3,4
Where is pain from the kidney felt?
loin-posterior aspect of the flank region
Where is pain fro mthe bladder felt?
suprapubic region
Where is pain from the ureters felt?
radiated from loin to groin
How do visceral afferents travel to the spinal cord from the kidneys?
with sympathetic fibres
Where do visceral afferents from the kidneys enter the spinal cord?
T11-L1
Why does the patient feel pain in the loin region fro mthe kidneys?
the visceral afferents enter spinal cord at T11-L1 so patient feels this in the dermatomes
How do visceral afferents from the ureters reach the spinal cord?
run alongside sympathetic fibres
Where do the viscreal afferents from the ureters enter the spinal cord?
T11-L2
How do visceral afferents from the part of the bladder touching the peritoneum reach teh spinal cord?
run alongside sympathetics
How do visceral afferents from the rest of the bladder not touching the peritorneum reach the spinal cord?
run along with parasympathetics
What levels do visceral afferents from the bladder touching the peritoneum enter the cord at?
T11-L2
What levels do visceral afferents from the rest of the bladder enter the cord?
S2,3,4
How do visceral afferents fro mthe proximal urethra reac hthe CNS?
run alonside parasympathetics
How do somatic sensory nerves from distal urethra reach the CNS?
in the pudendal nerve
What levels does the pudendal nerve come from the spinal cord?
S2,3,4
How do visceral afferents from the testis reach the CNS?
with sympathetic fibres
What levels do visceral afferents from the testis reach the the spinal cord?
T10-11
What spinal levels control micturition?
S2-4
What nerve type of fibre does the pudendal nerve carry?
somatic motor
What is the difference between infants and adults with micturition?
adults are able to override the reflex
What controls the detrusor muscle and internal urethral spincter?
parasympathetics
What controls the external urethral spincter and levator ani?
somatic motor
What rami form the spinal cords form plexuses?
anterior rami
What 2 nerves of the lumbar plexus comes from the L1?
iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal
What does iliohypogastric supply?
skin in the lateral gluteal region and internal oblique and transversus abdominus
What does ilioinguinal supply?
root of penis, upper scrotum and mons pubis and labia majora
What muscle does the lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh pass over?
iliacus
What spinal levels is lateral cutanous nerve of thigh derived from?
L2,L3
What muscle does the genitofemoral nerve emerge out of?
psoas major
What spinal levels give rise to the genitofemoral nerve?
L1,L2
What nerve levels give rise to the femoral nerve and obturator nerve?
L2-4
What is the relation of the femoral nerve to psoas major?
lateral
What is the relation of obturator nerve to psoas major?
medial
What nerve does the femoral nerve become?
saphenous nerve
what forms the sural nerve?
tibial and common fibular nerves
What nerve supplies sensation to the 1st dorsal web space?
deep fibular
What nerve supplies most of the dorsal aspect of the foot?
superficial fibular
What supplies sensation to the planta aspect of the foot?
tibial nerve
