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Renal > Physiology 6 > Flashcards

Physiology 6 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the osmolarity of the rubular fluid entering the DCT compared to plasma?

A

hypo-osmotic

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2
Q

What is the osmolarity of the interstital fluid of the cortexx?

A

300mosmol/l

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3
Q

What is the effect of ADH?

A

increase water reabsorption

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4
Q

What is the effect of aldosterone?

A

increase Na reabsorption and H/K secretion

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5
Q

Whta is the effect of atrial natriuretic hormone?

A

decrease Na reabsoprtion

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6
Q

What are the effets of PTH?

A

increase Ca reabsorption and decrease phosphate reabosrption

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7
Q

What is the basal permeability of the DCT to water and urea?

A

low

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8
Q

What happens in the early distal tubule?

A

sodium/potassium/2chloride tranport

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9
Q

What happens in the late distal tubule?

A

Ca; Na; K reabsorption and H secretion

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10
Q

What influences the late collecting ducts permeability to water and urea?

A

ADH

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11
Q

How is ADH released from the posterior pituitary?

A

calcium dependent exocytosis

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12
Q

How does ADH affect the collecting duct?

A

binds to ADH receptors on the baslateral membrane which increase intracellular levels of cyclic AMP which inserts new aquaporins

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13
Q

What happens in the presence of maximal plasma ADH?

A

tubular fluid equilibrates via aquaporins- water goes down conc. grad

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14
Q

What are the stimulators for ADH release?

A

hypothalamix smoreceptors

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15
Q

What receptors in the heart affect ADH receptors?

A

activationg of left atrial stretch receptors

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16
Q

When is aldosterone secreted?

A

in response to rising potassium or falling sodium in the blood; activation of the renin-angiotensin system

17
Q

What happens to K when there is no aldosterone?

A

all K is reabsorbed and none is excreted

18
Q

What affect does increased K have on the renin-angiotensin system?

A

directly stimulate the adrenal cortex

19
Q

How does a decrease in plasma sodium promote aldosterone release?

A

by the juxtaglmoerular apparatus secreting renin

20
Q

What are the 3 controls for renin release?

A

reduced presure in aferent arteriole; macula densa sense decreased sodium; increased sympathetic activity due to reduced BP

21
Q

Where does aldosterone have its effects?

A

distal and collecting tubule

22
Q

How does aldosterone increased sodium reabsorption?

A

increases sodium-potassium pump; increases expression of sodium channels on apical membrane

23
Q

When is ANP released?

A

when atrial muscle cells are mechanicaly stretch due to an increase in the plasma volume

24
Q

What does ANP promote?

A

exrcretion of sodium and diuresis

25
Q

How does ANP work?

A

decreases sodium reabsrption by kidney tubules; decreases RAAS; silated SM of afferent arterioles; decreases sympathetics

26
Q

What must be accompanied by any loss of solute in the urine?

A

water loss

Renal (33 decks)

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