Histology Flashcards
What forms the strong capsule?
dense collagen fibres
What type of epithelium forms the Bowman’s capsule?
simple squamous
What is the tuft of capillaries supplied by a drained by?
an afferent and efferent arteriole
What are the 2 cell layers that separate the blood from the glomerular filtrate?
capillary endothelium and specilaised epithelium which lies on top of the glomerular capillaries
What is the name of the specialised epithelial cells that lie on top of the glomerular capillaries?
podocytes
What is between the 2 layers of cells at the corpuscle?
basal lamina-thicker made up of a feltwork of GAGs
What cells produces a connective tissue core at the corpuscle?
mesnagial cells
What is the function of the mesangial cells>
support and removal of debris
What is the name of the space that urinary filtrate passes into from the glomerulus?
Bowman’s space
What type of epithelium makes up the proximal convoluted tubule?
simple coboidal
What is special about the epithelium of the proximal convoluted tubule?
has lots of microvilli and basal infolding at the basement membrane
Where is the loop of henle foudn?
in the medulla
What is the epithelium in the loop of Henle?
simple squamous
How are the nuclei arranged in the loop of Henle?
protrude into the lumen
What does the epithelium of the loop of Henle transition into?
simple cuboidal epithelial cells with abundant mitochondria in the thick ascending limb
What is the function of the loop of Henle?
to maintain the nevironemnt of the medulla as very hyperosmotic (very salty)
What are the vasa recta?
thin walled blood vessels that dip down into the medulla and then climb back up into the cortex
Where are the distal convoluted tubules foudn?
cortex
What type of epithelium is found inthe distal convoluted tubule?
simple cuboidal
What is the difference between the epithelium of the distal and proximal convoluted tubules?
PCT have lots of microvilli at the brush border whereas the DCT doesn’t
What arre the parallel bundles of collecting ducts known as?
medullary rays
What is the lining of the collecting ducts?
simple columnar epithelium
What is the juxtaglomerular apparatus?
specialised region formed at the site where the DCT passes adjacent to the vascular pole of the same renal corpuscle that forms part of its own nephron
What are the 3 components of the juxtaglomerular apparatus?
macula densa; juxtaglomerular cells and extraglomerular mesangial cells (lacis cells)
What are the macula denssa?
on the side of the DCT nearest the afferent arteriole the cells of the DCT are taller, crowded together
What is the function of the macula densa?
function in sensing ion composition in the DCT
What are the juxtaglomerular cells?
modified SM cells in the wall of the afferent arteriole
what is the function fo the juxtaglomerular cells?
secrete renin
What are the lacis cells?
modifiied mesangial cells extending outside of the renal corpuscle
What is the function fo the lacis cells?
unknown
What epithelium lines almost all of the conducting parts of the urnary tract?
transitional epithelium or urothelium
What are the cells foudn at the luminal surface of the urothelium?
umbrella cells
What is special about umbrella cells?
have a thickened and infelxible
What explains the special structure of the urothelium?
variability in thickness of cells represents the different states of distension of the conducting urinary tract; the apical surface of the cell have a thickened membrane to provide a highly impermeable barrier
what is foudn below the urothelium?
lamina propria (fibroelastic connective tissue) and smooth muscle (muscularis externa)
What does the urothelium transition into in the urethra?
stratified squamous
What does transitional epithelium become in the membranous urethra in males?
stratified columnar
What does the stratified columnar epithelium becom in the penile urethra?
stratified squamous
What lines the prostate?
simple columnar secretory
What forms the stroma in the prostate?
fibromuscular tissue
