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Renal > Histology > Flashcards

Histology Flashcards

1
Q

What forms the strong capsule?

A

dense collagen fibres

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2
Q

What type of epithelium forms the Bowman’s capsule?

A

simple squamous

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3
Q

What is the tuft of capillaries supplied by a drained by?

A

an afferent and efferent arteriole

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4
Q

What are the 2 cell layers that separate the blood from the glomerular filtrate?

A

capillary endothelium and specilaised epithelium which lies on top of the glomerular capillaries

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5
Q

What is the name of the specialised epithelial cells that lie on top of the glomerular capillaries?

A

podocytes

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6
Q

What is between the 2 layers of cells at the corpuscle?

A

basal lamina-thicker made up of a feltwork of GAGs

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7
Q

What cells produces a connective tissue core at the corpuscle?

A

mesnagial cells

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8
Q

What is the function of the mesangial cells>

A

support and removal of debris

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9
Q

What is the name of the space that urinary filtrate passes into from the glomerulus?

A

Bowman’s space

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10
Q

What type of epithelium makes up the proximal convoluted tubule?

A

simple coboidal

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11
Q

What is special about the epithelium of the proximal convoluted tubule?

A

has lots of microvilli and basal infolding at the basement membrane

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12
Q

Where is the loop of henle foudn?

A

in the medulla

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13
Q

What is the epithelium in the loop of Henle?

A

simple squamous

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14
Q

How are the nuclei arranged in the loop of Henle?

A

protrude into the lumen

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15
Q

What does the epithelium of the loop of Henle transition into?

A

simple cuboidal epithelial cells with abundant mitochondria in the thick ascending limb

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16
Q

What is the function of the loop of Henle?

A

to maintain the nevironemnt of the medulla as very hyperosmotic (very salty)

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17
Q

What are the vasa recta?

A

thin walled blood vessels that dip down into the medulla and then climb back up into the cortex

18
Q

Where are the distal convoluted tubules foudn?

A

cortex

19
Q

What type of epithelium is found inthe distal convoluted tubule?

A

simple cuboidal

20
Q

What is the difference between the epithelium of the distal and proximal convoluted tubules?

A

PCT have lots of microvilli at the brush border whereas the DCT doesn’t

21
Q

What arre the parallel bundles of collecting ducts known as?

A

medullary rays

22
Q

What is the lining of the collecting ducts?

A

simple columnar epithelium

23
Q

What is the juxtaglomerular apparatus?

A

specialised region formed at the site where the DCT passes adjacent to the vascular pole of the same renal corpuscle that forms part of its own nephron

24
Q

What are the 3 components of the juxtaglomerular apparatus?

A

macula densa; juxtaglomerular cells and extraglomerular mesangial cells (lacis cells)

25
Q

What are the macula denssa?

A

on the side of the DCT nearest the afferent arteriole the cells of the DCT are taller, crowded together

26
Q

What is the function of the macula densa?

A

function in sensing ion composition in the DCT

27
Q

What are the juxtaglomerular cells?

A

modified SM cells in the wall of the afferent arteriole

28
Q

what is the function fo the juxtaglomerular cells?

A

secrete renin

29
Q

What are the lacis cells?

A

modifiied mesangial cells extending outside of the renal corpuscle

30
Q

What is the function fo the lacis cells?

A

unknown

31
Q

What epithelium lines almost all of the conducting parts of the urnary tract?

A

transitional epithelium or urothelium

32
Q

What are the cells foudn at the luminal surface of the urothelium?

A

umbrella cells

33
Q

What is special about umbrella cells?

A

have a thickened and infelxible

34
Q

What explains the special structure of the urothelium?

A

variability in thickness of cells represents the different states of distension of the conducting urinary tract; the apical surface of the cell have a thickened membrane to provide a highly impermeable barrier

35
Q

what is foudn below the urothelium?

A

lamina propria (fibroelastic connective tissue) and smooth muscle (muscularis externa)

36
Q

What does the urothelium transition into in the urethra?

A

stratified squamous

37
Q

What does transitional epithelium become in the membranous urethra in males?

A

stratified columnar

38
Q

What does the stratified columnar epithelium becom in the penile urethra?

A

stratified squamous

39
Q

What lines the prostate?

A

simple columnar secretory

40
Q

What forms the stroma in the prostate?

A

fibromuscular tissue

Renal (33 decks)

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