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Renal > Physiology 3 > Flashcards

Physiology 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 barriers to glomerular filtration?

A

glomerular capillary endothelium; basement membrane and slit processe of podocytes

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2
Q

What is the glomerular capillary endothelium a barrier to?

A

RBCs

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3
Q

What are the basement adn glomerular epithlium barriers to?

A

plasma proteins

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4
Q

What are the 3 barriers known as collectively?

A

glomerular membrane

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5
Q

How does the basement membrane stop plasma proteins?

A

made up of GAGs and collagen which are collectively negatively charged which repels large negatively charged plasma proteins

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6
Q

What does glomerular filtration rely upon?

A

setting up a net filtration pressure as it is an entirely passive process

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7
Q

What is the biggest force determining net filtration pressure?

A

glomerular capillary blood pressure BPgc

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8
Q

What opposes glomerular capillary blood pressure?

A

Bowmans capsule hydrostatic (fluid) pressure HPbc

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9
Q

What is capillary oncotic pressure?

A

since there is a protein concentration gradient due to lack of proteins being filtered, they exert an osmotic effect to bring more water into the capillary

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10
Q

Why is Bowman’s Capsule oncotic pressure=0?

A

there aren’t any plasma proteins in the capsule lumen

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11
Q

What is GFR?

A

the rate at which protein-free plasma is filtered from the glomeruli into the Bowman’s Capsule per unit time

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12
Q

What is the equation for GFR?

A

Kf x net filtration pressure

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13
Q

What is Kf?

A

filtration coefficient- how holey the glomerular membrane is

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14
Q

What is normal GFR?

A

125 ml/min

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15
Q

What is the extrinsic regulation of GFR?

A

sympathetic control via baroreceptor reflex

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16
Q

What are the 2 factors that autoregulate GFR ?

A

myogenic mechanism and tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism

17
Q

How does arterial blood pressure affect GFR?

A

increased BP increases blood flow into the glomerulus which increases BPgc; increasing net filtration pressure and increaseing GFR

18
Q

What is the function of glomerular autoregulation?

A

prevents short term cahnges in systemic arterial pressure affecting GFR

19
Q

What is the myogenic form of autoregulation?

A

vascular smooth muscle is stretched- due to increased BP; it contracts thus constricting the arteriole

20
Q

What is the tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism?

A

involves juxtaglomerular apparatus- if GFR rises, more NaCl flows through the tubule leading to constriction of afferent arterioles (increased GFR would lead to increased tubular salt)

21
Q

What part of the juxtaglomerular apparatus senses the salt content of tubular fluid?

A

macula densa

22
Q

How does dehydration affect the GFR?

A

increases concentration of plasma proteins which increases capillary oncotic pressure, decreasing GFR

23
Q

What is plasma clearance?

A

the volume of plasma completely cleared of a particular substance per minute

24
Q

What is the equation for clearnace of substance X?

A

rate of excretion of X/ plasma conc. of X

25
Q

What is the equation for the rate of excretion of X?

A

conc. of Xurine x Vurine (urine flow rate)

26
Q

What substance has a clearance equal to GFR?

A

inulin

27
Q

What substance has a clearance of 0?

A

glucose

28
Q

If the clearance of a substance is less than GFR what does that suggest about the substance?

A

it is reabsorbed

29
Q

What substance can be used to calculate renal plasma flow?

A

para-amino hippuric acid

30
Q

What endogenous substance can be used to give a close approximation of GFR?

A

creatinine

31
Q

What is filtration fraction?

A

fraction of plasma flowing through the glomeruli that is filtered into the tubules

32
Q

What is filtration fraction equal to?

A

GFR/renal plasma flow

33
Q

What is renal blood flow equal to?

A

RPF/1-Hct

Renal (33 decks)

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