Pathology 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What do SCCs prduce?

A

pink-coloured keratin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 2 types of SCC in-situ found on the penis?

A

Bowen’s; erythroplasia of Queyrat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How does erythroplasisa of Queyrat appear?

A

raised velvety plaque on glands/prepuce

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the risk factors for SCC of penis?

A

not being circumcised; poor hygeine; HPV infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How does poor hygiene increase risk of penile cancer?

A

carcinogens can accumulate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What happens in BNH?

A

irregular proliferation of both glandular and stromal prostatic tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the aetiology of BNH?

A

hormonal imbalance- decreased androgen/oestrogen ratio.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What part of the prostate is affected by BNH and why?

A

central- peri-urethral gland because it is oestrogen responsive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is prostatism?

A

difficulty in starting micturition, poor stream and overflow incontinence- due to incomplete emptying of bladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the complications of BNH?

A

bladder hypertrophy; diverticulum formation; hydronephrosis and infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

When is the peak incidence for carcinoma of the prostate?

A

60-80

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where does carcinoma of the prostate arise mainly?

A

peripheral ducts and glands- posterior lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the local spread of prostatic carcinoma?

A

urethral obstruction; capsular penetration, seminal vesciles, blader, rectum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where does prostatic carcinoma lymphatically spread?

A

sacral, iliac and lumbar nodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What type of bone mets does prostatic cancer produce?

A

osteosclerotic mets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What antigen is raised with prostate carcinoma?

17
Q

What is the biggest risk factor for testicular tumours?

A

testicular maldescent

18
Q

What are the presenting features of testicular tumours?

A

painless testicular enlargement, hydrocele, gynaecomastia

19
Q

What are the 2 types of germ cell testicular tumours?

A

seminoma and teratomas

20
Q

What do adenomatoid paratesticular tumours arise from?

A

tunica vaginalis

21
Q

What is the commonest GCT?

22
Q

How does a seminoma appear?

A

potato- solid, homogenous and pale

23
Q

Who gets seminomas?

24
Q

What is the lymphatic spread of the testis?

25
Who gets teratomas?
20-30 years
26
What is the gross appearnace of teratoma?
solid; cysts; haemorrhage and necrosis- wide variety of tissue types may be seen
27
What type of teratoma is most malignant?
trophoblastic
28
What hormone indicates trophoblasitc components?
bHCG
29
What hormone indicates yolk sac components?
AFP
30
What hoemonre indicates a seminoma?
PLAP