Pathology 2 Flashcards
What is agenesis?
absence of one or both kidneys
What is hypoplasia of the kidneys?
small kidneys but normal development
What are horseshoe kidneys?
fusion at either pole- usually inferior
What is a duplex kidney?
kidney with more than one ureter
What are simple cysts?
very common, usually no functional disturbance
What happens in infantile type polycystic?
uniform bilateral renal enlargement, elongated cysts with dilatation of medullary collecting ducts; no gross distortion of the kidney
What is the inherintance of infantile polycystic kidneys?
autosomal recessive
What are infantile polycystic kidneys associated with?
congenital hepatic fibrosis
What is the inheritance of adult polycystic disease?
autosomal dominant
When does adult polycystic disease usually present?
middle adult life
What does adult polycystic disease present with?
abdo mass; haematuria; HT; CRF
What is seen with adult polycystic disease?
massive bilateral renal enlargement; mulitple cysts of varying size- distortion of reniform shape
What is adult polycystic disease associated with?
cysts in liver, pancreas and lung; Berry aneursysms in circle of willis
What does a berry aneurysm result in?
subarachnoid haemorrhage
What ar ethe types of benign renal tumours?
fibroma; adenoma; angiomyolipoma; JGCT
Describe fibromas?
common white nodules originating from the medulla
Describe adenomas?
yellowish nodules <2cm of cortical origin
Describe angiomyolipomas?
mixture of fat; muscle and blood vessels- can be mulitple and bilateral
What disease are angiomyolipomas assocaited with?
tuberous sclerosis
What does JGCT stand for?
juxtaglomerular cell tumour
What do JGCTs cause?
secondary HT due to production of renin
What are the types of malignant renal tumours?
nephroblastoma; urothelial carcinomas; renal cell carcinoma
What do nephroblastomas arise from?
residual primitive renal tissue
How do nephroblastomas present?
abdominal mass in child
