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Renal > Anatomy of the upper and lower urinary tracts > Flashcards

Anatomy of the upper and lower urinary tracts Flashcards

1
Q

What is the upper urinary tract?

A

kidneys and ureters

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2
Q

What is the lower urinary tract?

A

bladder and urethra

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3
Q

What parts of the urinary tract are found within the pelvis?

A

distal ureters; blader and proximal urethra

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4
Q

What are the layers anterior to the kidneys from visceral peritoneum to the kidney?

A

visceral peritnoneum–paranephric fat–renal (deep) fascia–perinephric fat–renal capsule

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5
Q

What is found in the renal hilum?

A

renal artery and vein and ureter

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6
Q

What is the most anterior structure of the renal hilum?

A

renal vein

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7
Q

What is the inferior part of the renal hilum?

A

ureter

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8
Q

What is found posterior to the kindeyts?

A

psoas major and quadratus lumborum and then back muscles

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9
Q

What are the muscles of the anterolateral abdo wall?

A

external oblique; internal oblique and transverse abdominus

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10
Q

Why is the right kidney slightly inferior to the left?

A

because of the liver

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11
Q

What vetertebral levels is the right kidney found at

A

L1-L3

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12
Q

What levels is the left kidney foudn at?

A

T12 - L2

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13
Q

Which bony strcutres are found posterior to the kidney?

A

floating ribs 11 and 12

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14
Q

What quadrants are the kidneys found in?

A

lumbar/flank regions (upper quadrants)

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15
Q

Why do the kidneys move on inspiration?

A

the liver and spleen lie in contact with the diaphragm superior and the kidneys inferiorly

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16
Q

What is significant about the hepatorenal recess?

A

any abnormal fluid will gather here in the supine patient

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17
Q

What in the hepatorenal recess found within?

A

greater sac of the peritoneal cavity

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18
Q

What is the difference bewteen the relation of the renal vein and artery and the common iliac vein and artery?

A

renal veins are anterior renal arteries but the common iliac arteries are anterior to the common iliac veins

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19
Q

Where does lymph from the kidneys drain to?

A

lumbar nodes

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20
Q

Where are the lumbar nodes located?

A

around the abdominal aorta and IVC

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21
Q

Where does the abdominal aorta bifurcate?

A

umbilicus

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22
Q

Where does the lymph from the ureters drain to?

A

lumbar nodes and iliac nodes

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23
Q

How can renal artery stenosis be associated with an infra-renal AAA?

A

both are caused by athersclerosis

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24
Q

How can renal artery stenosis be associated with a suprarenal AAA?

A

occlusion of the proximal renal artery by the aneurysm

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25
Q

What are the 2 gross layers of the kidney?

A

outer cortex and inner medulla

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26
Q

How is the medulla arranged?

A

into renal pyramids

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27
Q

What gives the pyramids their striped appearance?

A

regulary arranged nephrons rnning towards the apex of each pyramid

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28
Q

What does the collecting duct drain urine into?

A

minor calyx

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29
Q

What is the passage of filtration from the glomerulus to the collecting duct?

A

glomerulus–prox. convoluted tubule–loop of Henle–distal concoluted tubule–the collecting duct

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30
Q

How does urine from the minor calyx reach the ureter?

A

minor calyx–major calyx–renal pelvis–ureter

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31
Q

What is the first constriction in the passage of urine?

A

pelviureteric junction

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32
Q

What are the 3 sites of ureteric constriction?

A

pelviureteric junction; ureter corssing the anterior aspect of the common iliac artery; ureteric orifice

33
Q

What type of muscle is found within the walls of the ureter?

A

smooth muscle

34
Q

What is the urinary tracts response to obstruction?

A

increased peristalis proximal to the site

35
Q

What is the false pelvis?

A

from the iliac crests to the pelvic inlet

36
Q

What is the false pelvis a part of?

A

the abdominal cavity

37
Q

What is the true pelvis?

A

pelvis inlet to pelvic floor

38
Q

What is the true pelvis also known as?

A

pelvic cavity

39
Q

What muscle makes up the pelvic floor?

A

levator ani

40
Q

At what level do the ureters turn medially to enter the bladder?

A

ischial spine

41
Q

In what direction do the ureters enter the posterior bladder wall?

A

inferomedial

42
Q

What is the most inferior part of the male peritoneal cavity?

A

rectovesicle pouch

43
Q

What is the purpose of the roudn ligament of the uterus?

A

attaches uterus to the perineum via the inguinal canal

44
Q

What ar ethe 2 inferior pouches found inthe female?

A

vesico-uterine pouch and rectouterine pouch

45
Q

What is the most inferior part of the female peritoneal cavity?

A

pouch of Douglas (rectouterine pouch

46
Q

What is the relation of the ureter to the uterine tubes and artery?

A

runs inferiorly (water under the bridge)

47
Q

What is the relation of the ureter to the vas deferens?

A

runs inferiorly

48
Q

What is the arterial supply to the pevlis ?

A

internal iliac artery

49
Q

What forms the trigone?

A

the 2 ureteric orificies and the internal urethral orifice

50
Q

Where are the ureteric orifices found?

A

the base (post, aspect) of hte bladder

51
Q

where is the internal urethral orifice found?

A

floor of the bladder

52
Q

What muscles forms the bulk of the bladder wall called?

A

detrusor muscle

53
Q

How does the detrusor muscle prevent reflux of urine furing bladder contraction?

A

detrusor fibres encircle the ureteric orifices and tighten during contraction

54
Q

What forms the internal urethral spinchter muscle in males?

A

detrusor muscle

55
Q

What is hte purpsoe of the internal urthral sphincter?

A

prevents retrograde ejaculation of semen into the bladder

56
Q

What is the most anterior organ in the pelvis?

A

bladder

57
Q

How does the body of uterus normally lie in relation to the bladder?

A

anteflexed position, superior to it

58
Q

What lies inferior the the bladder in males?

A

prostate gland

59
Q

What are the 2 parts of the urethra in males?

A

prostatic urethra and spongy urethra

60
Q

What gives the spongy urethra its name?

A

lies within the corpus spongiosum

61
Q

Where is sperm stored?

A

epididymis

62
Q

How does sperm reach the spongy urethra from the epididymis?

A

–vas deferens–superficial ring–deep ring–across pelvic cavity behin bladder–sminal gland–ejaculatory canal–prostatic urethra–spongy urethra

63
Q

What sac do the testis sit within in the scrotum?

A

tunica vaginalis

64
Q

What is contained within the spermatic cord?

A

vas deferens; testicular artery and pampiniform plexus

65
Q

What are the testicular arteries a branch of?

A

abdo aorta

66
Q

What does the right testicular vein drain into?

A

IVC

67
Q

What does the left testicular vein drain into?

A

left renal vein

68
Q

Where is the epididymis palpated?

A

posterior aspect of the superior pole of the testis

69
Q

Where does the vas deferens begin?

A

at the inferior pole of the testis

70
Q

What are the 3 openings in the prostatic urethra?

A

prostatic ducts and opening of ejaculatory duct

71
Q

What is the inferior aspect of the prostatic urethra in contact with?

A

levator ani

72
Q

What are the 2 zones of the prostate gland?

A

peripheral and central (internal)

73
Q

Where do most prostatic cancers arise?

A

peripheral zone

74
Q

What transmits the deep arteries of the penis?

A

corpus cavernosum

75
Q

What forms the glans?

A

corpus spongiosum

76
Q

What is the blood supply to the penis?

A

deep arteries of hte penis from the internal pudendal artery (internal iliac)

77
Q

What is the blood supply to the scrotum?

A

internal pudendal and external iliac

78
Q

Where does lymph from the scrotum and most of the penis drian?

A

superficial inguinal nodes

79
Q

Where does lumph from the testis drain to?

A

lumbar nodes

Renal (33 decks)

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