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Med310A > THE ENDOCRINE PANCREAS > Flashcards

THE ENDOCRINE PANCREAS Flashcards

1
Q

Functional anatomy of the pancreas :
98% ___
-digestive enzymes and bicarbonate
-secreted through pancreatic duct
2%_____
-peptide hormones regulate glucose and other intermediary metabolism
-secreted by Exocytosis-drains into hepatic portal vein

A

Exocrine
Endocrine

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2
Q

Duct cells and Acinar cells in pancreas are the _____ portion of the pancreas

A

Exocrine

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3
Q

Which cells secrete aqueous NaHCO3 solution and which secrete digestive enzymes :
Duct cells
Hormones
Blood
Alpha cells
Acinar cells
Pancreatic polypeptide cells

A

Duct and acinar

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4
Q

Hormones and islets of langerhans are apart of which portion of pancreas?

A

Endocrine

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5
Q

What’re the 2 hormones found in the pancreas ?
Adrenaline
Norepinephrine
Insulin
Glycogen
Glucagon
Epinephrine

A

Insulin \
Glucagon

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6
Q

Alpha cells secrete:
Somatostatin
Insulin, amylin
Glucagon
Glucose
D cells

A

Glucagon

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7
Q

Beta cells secrete:
Somatostatin
Insulin, amylin
Glucagon
Glucose
D cells

A

Insulin amylin

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8
Q

D cells secrete:
Somatostatin
Insulin, amylin
Glucagon
Glucose
Alpha cells

A

Somatostatin

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9
Q

What cells secrete pancreatic polypeptide
Beta
Alpha
D
Pp

A

Pp

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10
Q

_______-stimulates uptake and storage of energy substrates
1. Insulin
2 glucagon
3 somatostatin
4 pancreatic polypeptide

A

Insulin

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11
Q

______- stimulates production of glucose by liver
1. Insulin
2 glucagon
3 somatostatin
4 pancreatic polypeptide

A

Glucagon

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12
Q

_____- general inhibition of exocrine and endocrine pancreatic secretion : acts in paracrine fashion
1. Insulin
2 glucagon
3 somatostatin
4 pancreatic polypeptide

A

Somatostatin

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13
Q

_____- inhibition of exocrine pancreatic secretion
1. Insulin
2 glucagon
3 somatostatin
4 pancreatic polypeptide

A

Pancreatic polypeptide

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14
Q

Role of pancreatic hormones is to provide constant supply of _____ to CNS

A

Glucose

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15
Q

The ____ state - first hours after eating
The ______ state - between meals
1 postabsorptive
2 absorptive
3 steady
4 homeostatic

A

Absorptive
Postabsorptive

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16
Q

Insulin and glucagon secretion are controlled by ____ concentration

A

Blood glucose

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17
Q

Does glucose absorption from digestive tract increase or decrease blood glucose ?

A

Increase

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18
Q

Does hepatic glucose production :
- Through glycogenolysis of stopped glycogen
- through gluconeogenesis
Increase or decrease blood glucose ?

A

Increase

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19
Q

Does transport of glucose into cells decrease or increase blood glucose

20
Q

Does urinary excretion of glucose increase or decrease blood glucose?

21
Q

Insulin dominant in __ state

22
Q

Glucagon dominant in _____ state

23
Q

What happens to the following concentrations when blood glucose rises?
A cells and B cells -decrease/increase
Glucagon and insulin -decrease/increase
Blood glucose -decrease/increase -to normal

A

Decrease increase
Decrease increase
Decrease

24
Q

What happens to the following concentrations when blood glucose lowers?
A cells and B cells -decrease/increase
Glucagon and insulin -decrease/increase
Blood glucose -decrease/increase -to normal

A

Increase and decrease
Increase and decrease
Increase

25
Q

Insulin secretion increased by :
Increase/decrease ? In blood amino acid level
Entry of ___ into small intestine which stimulates certain peptides
Increase or decrease ? In parasympathetic activity

A

Increase
Glucose
Increase

26
Q

Increase in islet B cells causes increase/decrease in insulin secretion ?

27
Q

Indicate which increase or decrease when insulin secretion occurs :
Blood glucose
Blood fatty acids
Blood amino acids
Protein synthesis
Fuel storage

A

Decrease
Decrease
Decrease
Increase
Increase

28
Q

Indicate whether an increase/decrease results in increase of islet B cells :
Hormones
Food intake
Parasympathetic stimulation
Blood amino acid concentration
Sympathetic stimulation

A

Increase
Increase
Increase
Increase
Decrease

29
Q

GLUT-_____= always present in their respective cell membranes limited tissue distribution :
1
2
3
4
5
6

30
Q

GLUT-___- an insulin -dependent transporter that is recruited to the membrane upon insulin binding to its receptor; reversible process :
1
2
3
4
5
6

31
Q

Insulin not needed for _____uptake in exercising muscle: muscle contraction causes insertion of GLUT-_____ into cell membranes
Insulin is not needed for glucose uptake by the brain or the liver

32
Q

Receptors are down-regulated by chronically HIGH OR LOW insulin level

33
Q

Insulin Receptors are UP OR DOWN-regulated by starvation?

34
Q

Affinity of insulin receptors is INCREASED OR DECREASED by chronically low insulin level or adrenal gland insufficiency

35
Q

Does insulin decrease or increase 1. blood glucose and 2. carbohydrate storage ?

A

Decrease
Increase

36
Q

Does insulin increase or decrease 1. Blood fatty acids and 2 triglyceride storage

A

Decrease
Increase

37
Q

Does insulin increase or decrease 1. Blood amino acids and 1. Protein synthesis

A

Decrease
Increase

38
Q

Does an increase in sympathetic activity inhibit or increase insulin secretion?

39
Q

Does a negative feedback between alpha cells and blood glucose concentration increase or decrease glucagon secretion ?

40
Q

____ receptor is a g-protein coupled transmembrane protein: cAMP is the second messenger system

41
Q

Are EFFECTS OF GLUCAGON ON FAT & CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM OPPOSITE OR THE SAME AS THOSE OF INSULIN?

42
Q

Hypoglycaemia is known as the hyper or hypo-secretion of insulin?

43
Q

Under-secretion of or resistance to ____ results in diabetes mellitus and hyperglycemia

44
Q

Is type 1 diabetes insulin dependent or non insulin dependent

A

Insulin dependent

45
Q

Type 2 diabetes is insulin dependent or independent ?

A

Independent

46
Q

Type __ diabetes
-autoimmune destruction of beta cells
-usually develops in children or at least before age 40
-daily insulin injections

Med310A (29 decks)

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