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THE ENDOCRINE PANCREAS Flashcards

1
Q

Functional anatomy of the pancreas :
98% ___
-digestive enzymes and bicarbonate
-secreted through pancreatic duct
2%_____
-peptide hormones regulate glucose and other intermediary metabolism
-secreted by Exocytosis-drains into hepatic portal vein

A

Exocrine
Endocrine

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2
Q

Duct cells and Acinar cells in pancreas are the _____ portion of the pancreas

A

Exocrine

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3
Q

Which cells secrete aqueous NaHCO3 solution and which secrete digestive enzymes :
Duct cells
Hormones
Blood
Alpha cells
Acinar cells
Pancreatic polypeptide cells

A

Duct and acinar

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4
Q

Hormones and islets of langerhans are apart of which portion of pancreas?

A

Endocrine

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5
Q

What’re the 2 hormones found in the pancreas ?
Adrenaline
Norepinephrine
Insulin
Glycogen
Glucagon
Epinephrine

A

Insulin \
Glucagon

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6
Q

Alpha cells secrete:
Somatostatin
Insulin, amylin
Glucagon
Glucose
D cells

A

Glucagon

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7
Q

Beta cells secrete:
Somatostatin
Insulin, amylin
Glucagon
Glucose
D cells

A

Insulin amylin

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8
Q

D cells secrete:
Somatostatin
Insulin, amylin
Glucagon
Glucose
Alpha cells

A

Somatostatin

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9
Q

What cells secrete pancreatic polypeptide
Beta
Alpha
D
Pp

A

Pp

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10
Q

_______-stimulates uptake and storage of energy substrates
1. Insulin
2 glucagon
3 somatostatin
4 pancreatic polypeptide

A

Insulin

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11
Q

______- stimulates production of glucose by liver
1. Insulin
2 glucagon
3 somatostatin
4 pancreatic polypeptide

A

Glucagon

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12
Q

_____- general inhibition of exocrine and endocrine pancreatic secretion : acts in paracrine fashion
1. Insulin
2 glucagon
3 somatostatin
4 pancreatic polypeptide

A

Somatostatin

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13
Q

_____- inhibition of exocrine pancreatic secretion
1. Insulin
2 glucagon
3 somatostatin
4 pancreatic polypeptide

A

Pancreatic polypeptide

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14
Q

Role of pancreatic hormones is to provide constant supply of _____ to CNS

A

Glucose

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15
Q

The ____ state - first hours after eating
The ______ state - between meals
1 postabsorptive
2 absorptive
3 steady
4 homeostatic

A

Absorptive
Postabsorptive

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16
Q

Insulin and glucagon secretion are controlled by ____ concentration

A

Blood glucose

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17
Q

Does glucose absorption from digestive tract increase or decrease blood glucose ?

A

Increase

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18
Q

Does hepatic glucose production :
- Through glycogenolysis of stopped glycogen
- through gluconeogenesis
Increase or decrease blood glucose ?

A

Increase

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19
Q

Does transport of glucose into cells decrease or increase blood glucose

20
Q

Does urinary excretion of glucose increase or decrease blood glucose?

21
Q

Insulin dominant in __ state

22
Q

Glucagon dominant in _____ state

23
Q

What happens to the following concentrations when blood glucose rises?
A cells and B cells -decrease/increase
Glucagon and insulin -decrease/increase
Blood glucose -decrease/increase -to normal

A

Decrease increase
Decrease increase
Decrease

24
Q

What happens to the following concentrations when blood glucose lowers?
A cells and B cells -decrease/increase
Glucagon and insulin -decrease/increase
Blood glucose -decrease/increase -to normal

A

Increase and decrease
Increase and decrease
Increase

25
Insulin secretion increased by : Increase/decrease ? In blood amino acid level Entry of ___ into small intestine which stimulates certain peptides Increase or decrease ? In parasympathetic activity
Increase Glucose Increase
26
Increase in islet B cells causes increase/decrease in insulin secretion ?
Increase
27
Indicate which increase or decrease when insulin secretion occurs : Blood glucose Blood fatty acids Blood amino acids Protein synthesis Fuel storage
Decrease Decrease Decrease Increase Increase
28
Indicate whether an increase/decrease results in increase of islet B cells : Hormones Food intake Parasympathetic stimulation Blood amino acid concentration Sympathetic stimulation
Increase Increase Increase Increase Decrease
29
GLUT-_____= always present in their respective cell membranes limited tissue distribution : 1 2 3 4 5 6
12356
30
GLUT-___- an insulin -dependent transporter that is recruited to the membrane upon insulin binding to its receptor; reversible process : 1 2 3 4 5 6
4
31
Insulin not needed for _____uptake in exercising muscle: muscle contraction causes insertion of GLUT-_____ into cell membranes Insulin is not needed for glucose uptake by the brain or the liver
Glucose 4
32
Receptors are down-regulated by chronically HIGH OR LOW insulin level
High
33
Insulin Receptors are UP OR DOWN-regulated by starvation?
UP
34
Affinity of insulin receptors is INCREASED OR DECREASED by chronically low insulin level or adrenal gland insufficiency
INCREASED
35
Does insulin decrease or increase 1. blood glucose and 2. carbohydrate storage ?
Decrease Increase
36
Does insulin increase or decrease 1. Blood fatty acids and 2 triglyceride storage
Decrease Increase
37
Does insulin increase or decrease 1. Blood amino acids and 1. Protein synthesis
Decrease Increase
38
Does an increase in sympathetic activity inhibit or increase insulin secretion?
Inhibits
39
Does a negative feedback between alpha cells and blood glucose concentration increase or decrease glucagon secretion ?
Increase
40
____ receptor is a g-protein coupled transmembrane protein: cAMP is the second messenger system
Glucagon
41
Are EFFECTS OF GLUCAGON ON FAT & CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM OPPOSITE OR THE SAME AS THOSE OF INSULIN?
OPPOSITE
42
Hypoglycaemia is known as the hyper or hypo-secretion of insulin?
Hyper
43
Under-secretion of or resistance to ____ results in diabetes mellitus and hyperglycemia
Insulin
44
Is type 1 diabetes insulin dependent or non insulin dependent
Insulin dependent
45
Type 2 diabetes is insulin dependent or independent ?
Independent
46
Type __ diabetes -autoimmune destruction of beta cells -usually develops in children or at least before age 40 -daily insulin injections
1

Med310A (29 decks)

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