Female Reproduction II

Question 1

_____ duct development in the female proceeds in the absence of of androgenic steroids and mullerian inhibiting factor (MIF)

Answer 1

Mullerian

Question 2

_____ are a diploid cell population in the embryonic female ovary that undergo mitosis to create the lifetime pool of ova (oocytes)

Answer 2

Oogonia

Question 3

Oogonia are a diploid cell population in the embryonic female ovary that undergo ______ to create the lifetime pool of ova (oocytes)

Answer 3

Mitosis

Question 4

___________ describes the process by which the female gamete (oocyte) develop

Answer 4

Oogenesis

Question 5

_____ status: twice the number of unique chromosomes (2N = 46 human cells)

Answer 5

Diploid

Question 6

_______ status : number of unique chromosomes (N=23 for human gametes )

Answer 6

Haploid

Question 7

This stage of meiosis is when the germ cell is in gonads

Answer 7

Prophase 1

Question 8

Segregation occurs at this phase of meiosis 1

Answer 8

Anaphase 1

Question 9

This phase of meiosis 11 produces 4 haploid gametes

Answer 9

Telophase 11

Question 10

_________: a programmed cell death process for unselected oocyte and its companion follicle cells

Answer 10

Atresia

Question 11

__________: a diploid oocyte that has started the process of meiosis, but is arrested in meiosis I ; MI is completed before ovulation

Answer 11

Primary oocyte

Question 12

__________: a haploid oocyte that is arrested in meiosis II: it is the secondary oocyte that is ovulated. MII is completed only when a sperm fuses with the oocyte

Answer 12

Secondary oocyte

Question 13

Hormones from the ____ and ______ trigger steroid production y cells of the ovary, follicle maturation and oocyte ovulation all in a cyclic pattern (average 28 day cycle)

Answer 13

Hypothalamus
Anterior pituitary gland

Question 14

HPG stands for

Answer 14

Hypothalamic pituitary gonadal axis

Question 15

_______ peptide hormone : GNRH- gonadotropin releasing hormone

Answer 15

Hypothalamic peptide hormone

Question 16

_______ hormone: FSH- follicle stimulating hormone
LH- luteinizing hormone

Answer 16

Anterior pituitary peptide hormone

Question 17

_______ onset approx 12 years of age in girls

Answer 17

Pubertal

Question 18

Rising estrogen concentrations in the late follicular phase selectively repress ____ ( combined with the action of inhibit, another peptide hormone from the ovary) = strong negative feedback

Answer 18

FSH

Question 19

High _____ concentrations of the late follicular phase stimulate LH release = positive feedback leading to the LH surge

Answer 19

Estrogen

Question 20

LH target what cells ?

Answer 20

Thecal

Question 21

FSH targets what cells?

Answer 21

Granulosa cells

Question 22

Androgens diffuse from thecal cells into_____ cells

Answer 22

granulosa

Question 23

The growing oocytes are surrounded by a matrix that is called the _______

Answer 23

Zone pellucida (ZP)

Question 24

Growing oocytes are surrounded by a matrix , the zone pellucida
This is apart of what phase ?

Answer 24

Follicular

Question 25

Granules cells secrete estrogen systemically and into the growing follicle This is apart of what phase ?

Answer 25

Follicular

Question 26

_____ reinitiates meiosis in the primary oocyte, to the point of arrest in MII

Answer 26

LH

Question 27

_____ arrests estrogen synthesis in granulosa cells (sudden concentration drop)

Answer 27

LH

Question 28

____ triggers vascular changes and swelling to promote follicle rupture and oocyte release (ovulation)

Answer 28

LH

Question 29

Ovulated secondary oocyte has complete MI arrested in MII This is apart of what phase ?

Answer 29

Ovulation

Question 30

What day of cycle is the follicular phase ?

Answer 30

1-13

Question 31

What day of cycle is the Ovulation phase ?

Answer 31

14

Question 32

Oocyte is surrounded by ZP and a Halo of granulosa cells and oocyte is captured by fimbriae of the oviduct What phase does this occur

Answer 32

Ovulation

Question 33

What day of cycle is Early literal phase ?

Answer 33

15-22

Question 34

Remaining granulosa cells luteinize and form the corpus luteum What phase does this occur?

Answer 34

Early luteal

Question 35

Produces high levels of steroid hormones progesterone and estrogen. Prepares endometrial layer ready for an embryo to implant What phase does this occur?

Answer 35

Early luteal

Question 36

In the early luteal phase remaining granulosa cells “luteinize” and form the _____

Answer 36

Corpus luteum

Question 37

The uterus consists of______ (outer smooth muscle) and_______ (inner lining of epithelial cells, blood vessels and glands)

Answer 37

Myometrium Endometrium

Question 38

High ____ concentrations in the follicular have rimes the endometrium, (PR) to respond to progesterone in the secretory phase

Answer 38

Estrogen

Question 39

High estrogen concentrations in the follicular phase primes the _____ to respond to progesterone in the secretory phase

Answer 39

Endometrium

Question 40

In the ____ phase the endometrial layer becomes loose and water filled (edamatous). Highly vascularized and glycogen loaded, suitable for implant implantation

Answer 40

Secretory

Question 41

In the secretory phase the ________ becomes loose and water filled , highly vascularized and glycogen loaded; suitable for embryo implantation

Answer 41

Endometrial layer

Question 42

In the secretory phase the endometrial layer becomes loose and water filled , highly vascularized and glycogen loaded; suitable for _________

Answer 42

Embryo implantation

Question 43

What day of cycle does the late luteal phase occur ?

Answer 43

24-28

Question 44

In the absence of embryo implantation , corpus luteum has a finite period of hormone-producing activity ; degenerates to corpus alibi and and estrogen & progesterone levels fall What phase does this occur ?

Answer 44

Late luteal

Question 45

What phase is the endometrial layer shed ?

Answer 45

Late luteal phase

Question 46

What happens to FSH and LH in the late luteal phase ?

Answer 46

Rise

Question 47

Is the number of primary follicles in the female ovary at birth infinite or finite?

Answer 47

Finite

Question 48

Once the follicle number is drastically reduced the ovarian cycle becomes irregular and then ceases, this occurs at around 50 years of age and is known as

Answer 48

Menopause

Question 49

Menopause is correlated to drastically reduced ___ levels

Answer 49

Estrogen

Question 50

Drastically reduced ____ levels associated with : - end of fertility - reduced bone- building capacity - reduced vasomotor control (hot flashes) All symptoms of _____

Answer 50

Estrogen Menopause