Female Reproduction II Flashcards
_____ duct development in the female proceeds in the absence of of androgenic steroids and mullerian inhibiting factor (MIF)
Mullerian
_____ are a diploid cell population in the embryonic female ovary that undergo mitosis to create the lifetime pool of ova (oocytes)
Oogonia
Oogonia are a diploid cell population in the embryonic female ovary that undergo ______ to create the lifetime pool of ova (oocytes)
Mitosis
___________ describes the process by which the female gamete (oocyte) develop
Oogenesis
_____ status: twice the number of unique chromosomes (2N = 46 human cells)
Diploid
_______ status : number of unique chromosomes (N=23 for human gametes )
Haploid
This stage of meiosis is when the germ cell is in gonads
Prophase 1
Segregation occurs at this phase of meiosis 1
Anaphase 1
This phase of meiosis 11 produces 4 haploid gametes
Telophase 11
_________: a programmed cell death process for unselected oocyte and its companion follicle cells
Atresia
__________: a diploid oocyte that has started the process of meiosis, but is arrested in meiosis I ; MI is completed before ovulation
Primary oocyte
__________: a haploid oocyte that is arrested in meiosis II: it is the secondary oocyte that is ovulated. MII is completed only when a sperm fuses with the oocyte
Secondary oocyte
Hormones from the ____ and ______ trigger steroid production y cells of the ovary, follicle maturation and oocyte ovulation all in a cyclic pattern (average 28 day cycle)
Hypothalamus
Anterior pituitary gland
HPG stands for
Hypothalamic pituitary gonadal axis
_______ peptide hormone : GNRH- gonadotropin releasing hormone
Hypothalamic peptide hormone
_______ hormone: FSH- follicle stimulating hormone
LH- luteinizing hormone
Anterior pituitary peptide hormone
_______ onset approx 12 years of age in girls
Pubertal
Rising estrogen concentrations in the late follicular phase selectively repress ____ ( combined with the action of inhibit, another peptide hormone from the ovary) = strong negative feedback
FSH
High _____ concentrations of the late follicular phase stimulate LH release = positive feedback leading to the LH surge
Estrogen
LH target what cells ?
Thecal
FSH targets what cells?
Granulosa cells
Androgens diffuse from thecal cells into_____ cells
granulosa
The growing oocytes are surrounded by a matrix that is called the _______
Zone pellucida (ZP)
Growing oocytes are surrounded by a matrix , the zone pellucida
This is apart of what phase ?
Follicular
Granules cells secrete estrogen systemically and into the growing follicle
This is apart of what phase ?
Follicular
_____ reinitiates meiosis in the primary oocyte, to the point of arrest in MII
LH
_____ arrests estrogen synthesis in granulosa cells (sudden concentration drop)
LH
____ triggers vascular changes and swelling to promote follicle rupture and oocyte release (ovulation)
LH
Ovulated secondary oocyte has complete MI arrested in MII
This is apart of what phase ?
Ovulation
What day of cycle is the follicular phase ?
1-13
What day of cycle is the Ovulation phase ?
14
Oocyte is surrounded by ZP and a Halo of granulosa cells and oocyte is captured by fimbriae of the oviduct
What phase does this occur
Ovulation
What day of cycle is Early literal phase ?
15-22
Remaining granulosa cells luteinize and form the corpus luteum
What phase does this occur?
Early luteal
Produces high levels of steroid hormones progesterone and estrogen. Prepares endometrial layer ready for an embryo to implant
What phase does this occur?
Early luteal
In the early luteal phase remaining granulosa cells “luteinize” and form the _____
Corpus luteum
The uterus consists of______ (outer smooth muscle) and_______ (inner lining of epithelial cells, blood vessels and glands)
Myometrium
Endometrium
High ____ concentrations in the follicular have rimes the endometrium, (PR) to respond to progesterone in the secretory phase
Estrogen
High estrogen concentrations in the follicular phase primes the _____ to respond to progesterone in the secretory phase
Endometrium
In the ____ phase the endometrial layer becomes loose and water filled (edamatous). Highly vascularized and glycogen loaded, suitable for implant implantation
Secretory
In the secretory phase the ________ becomes loose and water filled , highly vascularized and glycogen loaded; suitable for embryo implantation
Endometrial layer
In the secretory phase the endometrial layer becomes loose and water filled , highly vascularized and glycogen loaded; suitable for _________
Embryo implantation
What day of cycle does the late luteal phase occur ?
24-28
In the absence of embryo implantation , corpus luteum has a finite period of hormone-producing activity ; degenerates to corpus alibi and and estrogen & progesterone levels fall
What phase does this occur ?
Late luteal
What phase is the endometrial layer shed ?
Late luteal phase
What happens to FSH and LH in the late luteal phase ?
Rise
Is the number of primary follicles in the female ovary at birth infinite or finite?
Finite
Once the follicle number is drastically reduced the ovarian cycle becomes irregular and then ceases, this occurs at around 50 years of age and is known as
Menopause
Menopause is correlated to drastically reduced ___ levels
Estrogen
Drastically reduced ____ levels associated with :
- end of fertility
- reduced bone- building capacity
- reduced vasomotor control (hot flashes)
All symptoms of _____
Estrogen
Menopause
