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Med310A > Posterior Pituitary And Hypothalamus > Flashcards

Posterior Pituitary And Hypothalamus Flashcards

1
Q

The saddle-shaped protective pocket for the pituitary gland

A

Sella turcica

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2
Q

What bone of the skull features the sella turcica and pituitary gland?

A

Sphenoid bone

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3
Q

What are the 2 anatomically and functionally distinct lobes of the pituitary ?

A

Posterior and anterior

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4
Q

The ____ pituitary is composed of nervous tissue

A

Posterior

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5
Q

The ____ pituitary comprises glandular epithelial tissue (endocrine)

A

Anterior

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6
Q

Does the anterior pituitary produce or store hormones?

A

Produce

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7
Q

Does the posterior pituitary store or produce hormones?

A

Store

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8
Q

What are the 2 hormones of the posterior lobe of the pituitary ?

A

Oxytocin and vasopressin

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9
Q

Secretion of hormones of the posterior pituitary is independent controlled from neurons within the _________ and ______ nuclei of the hypothalamus

A

Paraventrcular and supraoptic

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10
Q

Name 2 roles of oxytocin

A

Childbirth and breastfeeding

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11
Q

Explain the role of oxytocin in child birth

A

Sensory signals from cervix (stretch) = oxytocin is released= uterine muscles contract to deliver fetus

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12
Q

Explain the role of oxytocin in breastfeeding

A

Infant suckling induces sensory signals= oxytocin is released = mammary gland muscles contract to release milk

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13
Q

What feedback mechanism is operating with oxytocin and childbirth/ breastfeeding

A

Positive

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14
Q

_____- attachment of couples and nurturing parental behaviour

A

Pair bonding

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15
Q

How is oxytocin released in men or non-pregnant women?

A

Bonding and sex

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16
Q

What part of the brain is the site of interaction between nervous and endocrine systems

A

Hypothalamus

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17
Q

What hormone is part of the feedback loop that controls body fluid volume and concentration ?

A

Vasopressin

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18
Q

What are the 2 target cells of vasopressin ?

A

Kidney
Vascular smooth muscle

19
Q

How does vasopressin target kidney cells ?

A

Reduce urine and conserve water

20
Q

How does vasopressin target vascular smooth muscles ?

A

Cause vasoconstriction (blood pressure)

21
Q

How does anti-diuretic occur?

A

Increase permeability of water up collecting ducts= More water reabsorbed in kidneys = less urine produced

22
Q

_______= high osmolarity of extracellular fluids

A

Hyperosmolarity

23
Q

_____- low blood volume

A

Hypovolemia

24
Q

High osmolarity of extracellular fluids (hyperosmolarity), low blood volume (hypovolemia) and low arterial blood pressure stimulate what feeling ?

A

Thirst

25
Q

The secretion of what hormone stimulates hyperosmolarity, hypovolemia and low arterial blood pressure ?

A

Vasopressin

26
Q

Does vasopressin concentration rise or lower in response to increased ECF osmolarity

A

Rise

27
Q

Does vasopressin concentration rise or lower in response to reduced blood volume ?

A

Rise

28
Q

What neurons detect changes in extracellular fluid (ECF) osmolarity ?

A

Hypothalamic osmoreceptor

29
Q

Does an increase or decrease in hyperosmolarity cause cells to shrink due to osmotic forces ?

A

Increase

30
Q

What happens to vasopressin (ADH) secretion when osmoreceptor neurons shrink ?

A

Increases

31
Q

High extracellular osmolarity leads to ________ release

A

Vasopressin

32
Q

Osmoreceptor neurons low outside of the _______

A

Blood brain barrier

33
Q

Baroreeptors, also known as _______detect amount of “stretch” and signal SON and PVN neurons

A

Sensory nerve endings

34
Q

Blood volume sensors for control of vasopressin secretion are located in ____ pressure vessels

A

Low

35
Q

Does decreased stretch of vessels cause an increase or decrease of ADH secretion to recover fluid volume ?

A

Increase

36
Q

SON and PVN in the hypothalamus stand for what ?

A

Supraoptic nuclei and paraventricular nuclei

37
Q

What happens to kidney/water after an increase in ADH secretion ?

A

Kidney collecting tubes increase water reabsorption

38
Q

What happens to blood volume after an increase in water reabsorption in the kidney

A

Decreased

39
Q

Alcohol inhibits ____ secretion

A

ADH

40
Q

What happens to blood volume and ECF osmolarity when dehydration occurs ?

A

Decrease and increase

41
Q

Alcohol inhibits ADH secretion which results in ____

A

Dehydration

42
Q

Dehydration stimulates ____ secretion as alcohol is cleared

A

ADH

43
Q

Morning thirst is stimulated through _____ thirst centre neurons connected to osmoreceptors

A

Hypothalamic

Med310A (29 decks)

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