Posterior Pituitary And Hypothalamus

Question 1

The saddle-shaped protective pocket for the pituitary gland

Answer 1

Sella turcica

Question 2

What bone of the skull features the sella turcica and pituitary gland?

Answer 2

Sphenoid bone

Question 3

What are the 2 anatomically and functionally distinct lobes of the pituitary ?

Answer 3

Posterior and anterior

Question 4

The ____ pituitary is composed of nervous tissue

Answer 4

Posterior

Question 5

The ____ pituitary comprises glandular epithelial tissue (endocrine)

Answer 5

Anterior

Question 6

Does the anterior pituitary produce or store hormones?

Answer 6

Produce

Question 7

Does the posterior pituitary store or produce hormones?

Answer 7

Store

Question 8

What are the 2 hormones of the posterior lobe of the pituitary ?

Answer 8

Oxytocin and vasopressin

Question 9

Secretion of hormones of the posterior pituitary is independent controlled from neurons within the _________ and ______ nuclei of the hypothalamus

Answer 9

Paraventrcular and supraoptic

Question 10

Name 2 roles of oxytocin

Answer 10

Childbirth and breastfeeding

Question 11

Explain the role of oxytocin in child birth

Answer 11

Sensory signals from cervix (stretch) = oxytocin is released= uterine muscles contract to deliver fetus

Question 12

Explain the role of oxytocin in breastfeeding

Answer 12

Infant suckling induces sensory signals= oxytocin is released = mammary gland muscles contract to release milk

Question 13

What feedback mechanism is operating with oxytocin and childbirth/ breastfeeding

Answer 13

Positive

Question 14

_____- attachment of couples and nurturing parental behaviour

Answer 14

Pair bonding

Question 15

How is oxytocin released in men or non-pregnant women?

Answer 15

Bonding and sex

Question 16

What part of the brain is the site of interaction between nervous and endocrine systems

Answer 16

Hypothalamus

Question 17

What hormone is part of the feedback loop that controls body fluid volume and concentration ?

Answer 17

Vasopressin

Question 18

What are the 2 target cells of vasopressin ?

Answer 18

Kidney
Vascular smooth muscle

Question 19

How does vasopressin target kidney cells ?

Answer 19

Reduce urine and conserve water

Question 20

How does vasopressin target vascular smooth muscles ?

Answer 20

Cause vasoconstriction (blood pressure)

Question 21

How does anti-diuretic occur?

Answer 21

Increase permeability of water up collecting ducts= More water reabsorbed in kidneys = less urine produced

Question 22

_______= high osmolarity of extracellular fluids

Answer 22

Hyperosmolarity

Question 23

_____- low blood volume

Answer 23

Hypovolemia

Question 24

High osmolarity of extracellular fluids (hyperosmolarity), low blood volume (hypovolemia) and low arterial blood pressure stimulate what feeling ?

Answer 24

Thirst

Question 25

The secretion of what hormone stimulates hyperosmolarity, hypovolemia and low arterial blood pressure ?

Answer 25

Vasopressin

Question 26

Does vasopressin concentration rise or lower in response to increased ECF osmolarity

Answer 26

Rise

Question 27

Does vasopressin concentration rise or lower in response to reduced blood volume ?

Answer 27

Rise

Question 28

What neurons detect changes in extracellular fluid (ECF) osmolarity ?

Answer 28

Hypothalamic osmoreceptor

Question 29

Does an increase or decrease in hyperosmolarity cause cells to shrink due to osmotic forces ?

Answer 29

Increase

Question 30

What happens to vasopressin (ADH) secretion when osmoreceptor neurons shrink ?

Answer 30

Increases

Question 31

High extracellular osmolarity leads to ________ release

Answer 31

Vasopressin

Question 32

Osmoreceptor neurons low outside of the _______

Answer 32

Blood brain barrier

Question 33

Baroreeptors, also known as _______detect amount of “stretch” and signal SON and PVN neurons

Answer 33

Sensory nerve endings

Question 34

Blood volume sensors for control of vasopressin secretion are located in ____ pressure vessels

Answer 34

Low

Question 35

Does decreased stretch of vessels cause an increase or decrease of ADH secretion to recover fluid volume ?

Answer 35

Increase

Question 36

SON and PVN in the hypothalamus stand for what ?

Answer 36

Supraoptic nuclei and paraventricular nuclei

Question 37

What happens to kidney/water after an increase in ADH secretion ?

Answer 37

Kidney collecting tubes increase water reabsorption

Question 38

What happens to blood volume after an increase in water reabsorption in the kidney

Answer 38

Decreased

Question 39

Alcohol inhibits ____ secretion

Answer 39

ADH

Question 40

What happens to blood volume and ECF osmolarity when dehydration occurs ?

Answer 40

Decrease and increase

Question 41

Alcohol inhibits ADH secretion which results in ____

Answer 41

Dehydration

Question 42

Dehydration stimulates ____ secretion as alcohol is cleared

Answer 42

ADH

Question 43

Morning thirst is stimulated through _____ thirst centre neurons connected to osmoreceptors

Answer 43

Hypothalamic