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Med310A > Conception > Flashcards

Conception Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 steps to the sexual response cycle ?

A

Excitement
Plateau
Orgasm
Resolution

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2
Q

What phase of sexual response cycle :
heightened sexual awareness/arousal and blood flow to erectile tissues; vaginal and bartholins gland secretions lubricate the female; male scrotum tightens and male secretes a lubricating fluid

A

Excitement

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3
Q

What phase of sexual response cycle :
Intensification of excitement phase responses , plus body responses

A

Plateau

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4
Q

What phase of sexual response cycle :
Male ejaculates semen; feeling of intense pleasure for sexual partners; females may go under multiple in succession

A

Orgasm

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5
Q

What phase of sexual response cycle :
Genitalia and body systems return to pre-arousal state; general feeling of relaxation ; refractory period for males to repeat the cycle

A

Resolution

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6
Q

______ is the hardening of the normally flaccid penis to permit its entry into the vagina

A

Erection

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7
Q

Ejaculation :
___ phase: emptying of stern and accessory sex gland secretions into the urethra

A

Emission

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8
Q

Ejaculation:
___ phase : forceful expulsion of semen from the penis

A

Expulsion

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9
Q

Is reaction a spinal reflex ?

A

Yes

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10
Q

Spinal reflex ice dilation of the penile articles ; non adrenergic neurons release ____ to relax the arterioles and blood enters the erect tissue

A

Nitric oxide

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11
Q

Erection:
Cavernous all arteries _____; engorging corporal tissue with blood

A

Dilate

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12
Q

Erection:
Engorging causes corporal tissue to ____ erecting the penis

A

Swell

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13
Q

Erection:
Engorged corporal tissue compresses penile ___ and venues, maintaining erection

A

Veins

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14
Q

Venous compression is another word for ___

A

Vasocongestion

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15
Q

Venous congestion occurs in the vascular component of an erection to ______

A

Trap blood, enhance erection

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16
Q

Corpus _______;
- open system
- High flow
- low pressure
- does not impinge on urethra

A

Spongiosum

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17
Q

Corpus _____
- closed system
- outflow obstructed
- low flow
- high pressure

A

Cavernosum

18
Q

The corpus spongiosum surrounds the ____

A

Urethra

19
Q

Erection and ejaculation are mediated by ___ reflexes

A

Spinal

20
Q

____ at the bladder neck of penis contracts to prevent retrograde ejaculation and to prevent urine from being mixed with semen

A

Sphincter

21
Q

The sphincter at the bladder neck of penis contracts to prevent :
1. _____
2. ____

A

Retrograde ejaculation
Urine mixing with semen

22
Q

Ejaculation (emission) :
Sympathetic control leads to sequential contractions of smooth muscles of the reproductive tract and accessory glands to deliver the following into the _______

A

Posterior urethra

23
Q

Ejaculation (emission) :
1. _____ delivers fluid
2. Epididymis and vas deferens deliver ______
3. _____ delivers fluid ( all combined = ______)

A

Prostate gland
Spermatozoa
Seminal vesicles
Semen

24
Q

Ejaculation (expulsion) :
Urethra filling with semen trigger ____ impulses that activate skeletal muscles at the base of the penis

A

Nerve

25
Q

Ejaculation (expulsion) :
Rhythmic contractions increase the system pressure, leading to forcible expulsion of semen outside of the body via the ____

A

Urethra

26
Q

Ejaculation (expulsion) :
Average semen column depends on _____ period ;
___-___ mL of semen, many million of ___ per mL

A

Abstinence
1.5-6
Sperm

27
Q

Ejaculation (expulsion) :
If male ejaculation occurs during sexual intercourse with female that have recently ovulated , oocyte fertilization by a single spermatozoan and pairing of the haploid genomes to form a diploid zygote is the moment of _____

A

Conception

28
Q

The ___ is the site of fertilization ; must occur within ___hours of ovulation

A

Oviduct / Fallopian tube
24

29
Q

In the female: semen is temporarily ____ to remain in the vagina and then liquifies to release the ___

A

Clotted
Sperm

30
Q

Fertilization :
Spermatozoa undergo an enhanced maturation process called ________ in the female reproductive tract ; they exhibit hyper-motility and become competent to fertilize n ovum

A

Capacitation

31
Q

Fertilization :
Spermatozoa are also propelled to the oviduct by _____ of the female reproductive tract

A

Contractions

32
Q

Do many or few spermatozoa reach the ovum ?

A

Few

33
Q

Physical binding of sperm head with zone pellucida (ZP) leads to the ______ reaction and across all enzymes are released to drill through the ZP

A

Acrosome

34
Q

What kind of structures are released to drill through the zone pellucida of ovum ?

A

Acrosomal enzymes

35
Q

One spermatozoan is successful at penetrating ovum and fuses its plasma membrane with the oocyte membrane ; spermatozoa ____ is released into the cytoplasm

A

Nucleus

36
Q

Sperm fusion with oocyte triggers ____ signalling cascade in the oocyte cytoplasm

A

Ca2+

37
Q

Sperm fusion triggers Ca2+ signalling cascade in oocyte cytoplasm :
1. Triggers completion of ___
2. Releases ______ into space between membrane and ZP, inactivates ZP binding proteins

A

M2
Cortical granules

38
Q

Within an hour , the oocyte and spermatozoa nuclei fuse to form a ____ _____= conception

A

Diploid zygote

39
Q

Assisted reproductive technologies (ART) :
____________
1. collection of ovulated oocytes and semen
2. Fertilization in lab
3. Monitor and implant in uterus

A

In vitro fertilization

40
Q

Assisted reproductive technologies (ART) :
____________
- direct injection of spermatozoan nucleus into isolate M2 oocyte

A

Intracytoplasmic sperm injection

41
Q

Describe in vitro fertilization

A
  1. collection of ovulated oocytes and semen
  2. Fertilization in lab
  3. Monitor and implant in uterus
42
Q

Describe intracytoplasmic sperm injection

A

Direct injection of spermatozoan into oocyte in m2

Med310A (29 decks)

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