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Med310A > Lecture 4: Synaptic Transmission > Flashcards

Lecture 4: Synaptic Transmission Flashcards

1
Q

When ions/small molecules exchange between cells

A

Electrical synapse

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2
Q

What is mediated by neurotransmitters

A

Chemical synapse

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3
Q

Majority of neuronal communication occurs via ______

A

Chemical synapse

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4
Q

Gaseous and lipid transmitters are less common, can easily cross ______ therefore not stores in synaptic vesicles

A

Lipid bilayer

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5
Q

Most if not all neurons can release multiple ____

A

Neurotranmitters

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6
Q

In neurodegenerative diseases, not only the main
neurotransmitter but also_____ are lost.

A

Co-transmitters

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7
Q

Axon terminal express ___ , ___, ____

A

Na+
K+
Ca++

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8
Q

Neurotransmission:
Transmitter release:
1. _____ arrives
2. ___ influx
3. ____

A

Action potential
Ca2+
Exocytosis

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9
Q

____ Receptor
Time course -fast
Cellular response - excitatory or inhibitory
Mediator of cellular response - receptors = ion channels

A

Ionotropic

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10
Q

_____ receptor
Time course : long lasting
Cellular response: excitatory or inhibitory (depends
on signaling pathway involved)
Mediator of cellular response: second messenger regulates downstream effectors

A

G protein-coupled (GPCR)

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11
Q

IONOTROPIC RECEPTOR
Time course :____
Cellular response: ______
Mediator of cellular response: ___=___

A

Fast
Excitatory or inhibitory
Receptors = ion channels

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12
Q

___ ‘s are very diverse
- one of the most common drug targets

A

GPCR

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13
Q

Some neurotransmitters activate both ___ and ___

A

Ionotropioc receptor and GPCR

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14
Q

Neuroleptics receptors are ____

A

GPCR

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15
Q

Depending on the receptor the same transmitter can induce different ____ response

A

Postsynaptic

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16
Q

Different receptors can:
1. Have different ___
2. Be linked to different ___ mechanisms
3. Be expressed at different ___ mechanisms
4. Can be regulated___

A

Kinetics
Signalling
Sub cellular
Differentially

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17
Q

What triggers neurotransmitter release?

A

Calcium

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18
Q

How is neurotransmission terminated (3 answers)?

A

Uptake, degradation, diffusion

19
Q

Which processes of neurotransmission are specific to a
neurotransmitter?

A

Synthesis, receptors, reuptake, degradation

20
Q

Which steps of neurotransmission are common to chemical synapses?

A

Action potential, Ca++ influx to axon terminal, exocytosis

21
Q

What are the two major classes of receptors involved in neurotransmission? Main differences?

A

• Ionotropic receptors: fast, mediated by ionic current
• metabotropic (G protein-coupled) receptors: slow & long lasting, mediated
by second messengers

22
Q

What is the physiological significance of receptor diversity for a given
transmitter?

A

Different receptors can mediate distinct responses (excitatory or inhibitory,
time course, subcellular localization) • Different receptors can be regulated differently

23
Q

Change in postsynaptic membrane potential as a result of ____

A

Neurotransmission

24
Q

EPSP and IPSP are due to
• activation of ______ or
• activation/ inhibition of _____ via GPCRs

A

Ionotropic receptors
Ion channels

25
Q

Postsynaptic potential
• Initially starts locally at the synapse and propagates along the _____
• Postsynaptic potentials are ____ potentials (amplitude can vary)
• The ____ diminishes with distance traveled (not regenerative)

A

Cell membrane
Graded
Amplitude

26
Q

Individual postsynaptic potential may be too small to_____ an action potential, but multiple postsynaptic can add up to become larger

A

Initiate

27
Q

_________ of postsynaptic potential can occur when multiple synapses activate simultaneously

A

Special summation

28
Q

A single synapse activating multiple times in quick succession can result in temporal summation of postsynaptic potential

A

Temporal summation

29
Q

Synaptic integration
1. Three excitatory neurons fire, their grades potentials separately are all below ____
2. ______ arrive at trigger zone together and sum to create asuprathreshold signal
3. An ___ is generates

A

Threshold
Graded potentials
Action potential

30
Q

• Spatial summation can
occur between _____ and ____ synapses
• Inhibitory signal dampens
_____ signal

A

Excitatory and inhibitory
Excitatory

31
Q

_______= magnitude of postsynaptic potential
• Synaptic strength is not
_____. It can be modulated

A

Synaptic strength
Constant

32
Q

Any step of neurotransmission can be a target of synaptic modulation
• ________ substance
• ______ target

A

Psychoactive
Drug

33
Q

Earlier synaptic activity altering later synaptic ______

A

Responses

34
Q

Synaptic ____: neuromodulator-dependent

A

Modulation

35
Q

Synaptic ____: synaptic activity-dependent

A

Plasticity

36
Q

Virtually every synapse in the nervous system can undergo synaptic _____ and _____

A

modulation
Plasticity

37
Q

At synapses = synaptic _____ or synaptic ___
At cell body = ____ (synaptic integration)

A

Modulation
Plasticity
Summation

38
Q
  1. _______________
    • Physical innervation (hard-wired)
    • Rapid transmission of signals
    • Action potential • Synaptic transmission
A

Rapid and specific propagation of signal

39
Q
  1. _________< _____
    • Summation
    • Synaptic modulation
    • Synaptic plasticity
    • Convergence, divergence
A

Integration commutation

40
Q
  1. _______
    • Synaptic plasticity
A

Availability

41
Q

What are the differences between action potential and synaptic
potential?

A

• Action potentials are all or none, regenerate while propagating along
the axon
• Synaptic potentials are graded, decays with time and distance traveled

42
Q

How can small postsynaptic potentials induce action potentials?

A

Summation

43
Q

What are the similarity and difference between synaptic modulation
and synaptic plasticity?

A

• Similarity: synaptic strength changes
• Difference: synaptic modulation is typically induced by neuromodulators (endogenous modulators, drugs etc); synaptic plasticity is induced by synaptic activity (previous synaptic activity altering future synaptic strength)

Med310A (29 decks)

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