Endocrinology Of Growth Flashcards
__________- specialized endothelium with tight junctions to strictly control environmental exposure and protect the brain
BBB
The hormonal output of the anterior pituitary represents a _____ feedback loop
Negative
The secretion of all anterior pituitary hormones are controlled by _____ hormones
Hypothalamic
The special portal system is a vascular network called the ___________portal system
Hypothalamic hypophyseal
Hypophysis is another word for ___
Pituitary
_____ releasing hormones stimulate release of specific hormones from the cells of the anterior pituitary that express the releasing hormone receptor
Hypothalamic
Hormone 1 of the feedback loop is secreted from the ____and travels to the _____
Hypothalamus
Anterior pituitary
Hormone 2 of the feedback loop is secreted from the _____ and travels to the target_______
Anterior pituitary
Target endocrine gland
Hormone 3 is secreted from the _____ and travels to the target ___
Endocrine gland
Tissue
If hormone 1 is deficient What happens to:
- hormone 2 and 3
-negative feedback
Will be low
Reduced
If hormone 1 level rises then hormone 2 and 3 will__
Rise
Hypothalamic releasing hormones, their anterior pituitary hormones and their target cell hormones exhibit _____ rhythms
Circadian
Describe the circadian rhythm of secretion
1 peak very 24 h
Sleep/wake cycle
Do anterior pituitary hormones peak at same or different times?
Different
Hormone 2 of feedback loop:
What are the three families of anterior pituitary hormones ?
- Glycoprotein
- POMC
- GH/Prolactin
_____ family
- hydrophilic
-small glycosylated proteins
-produced & stored in anterior pituitary cells
1. FSH
2.LH
3. Gonadotropins
4. TSH
Glycoprotein
Collectively, FSH and LH are called _____
Gonadotropins
FSH & LH act on _______ target cells
Gonadal
TSH acts on ____ gland target cells to stimulate secretion of this glands hormone
Thyroid
CRH from the hypothalamus stimulates production of ______ by corticosterone’s of the anterior pituitary
POMC
_____ from the hypothalamus stimulates production of POMC by corticotropes of the anterior pituitary
CRH
In corticotropes, the large POMC glycoprotein pro-hormone is cleaved to produce:
1.
2.
3.
ACTH
Beta-endorphin
Gamma-lipotropin
What hormone targets cells in adrenal gland Cortex and controls secretion of adrenal cortical hormones such as aldosterone, cortisol and androgens
ACTH
____ hormone stimulates milk production in lactating women as well as fertility regulation in men and women and maintenance of immune system
Prolactin
____ hormone regulates metabolism and growth
GH
______ hormone is stimulated by stress, exercise, hypoglycaemia, amino acids, first 2 hours of sleep
GH
______ is abnormally large growth due to an excess of growth hormone during childbirth before the bone growth plates have closed
Gigantism
______ is when height is unchanged but mature bones become thicker(hands, face, feet) exhibited coarseness of features
Acromegaly
GHRH, GH, or IGF-1 deficiency is called ______ dwarfism
Pituitary
Unresponsive GH receptors is causes ____ dwarfism
Laron
______ is a cause of dwarfism and is when thyroid hormones are permissive for action of GH
Hypothyroidism
Genes defect for cartilage FGF(Fibroblast growth factor) receptor impairs bone ossification which causes _____ dwarfism
Achondroplasia
