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Med310A > Reproductive Physiology I > Flashcards

Reproductive Physiology I Flashcards

1
Q

Male and female gametes have __(#) chromosomes

A

23

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2
Q

What process occurs between male and female gametes to form an egg ?

A

Fertilization

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3
Q

Fertilization of male and female gametes cells fuse to form a fertilized ____

A

Egg

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4
Q

After fertilization of male and female gametes, the fertilized egg now have ___(#) chromosomes

A

46

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5
Q

The ___ are reproductive organs that generate gametes

A

Gonads

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6
Q

Gonads are primary reproductive organs that generate ____

A

Gametes

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7
Q

Determination of genetic sex of an embryo is dictated by which chromosomes the ___ delivers

A

Sperm

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8
Q

Embryonic window for sex specification starts at ___ weeks of gestation

A

6

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9
Q

Ovum with X sex chromosome Is fertilized by sperm with ___ sex chromosome to yield an embryo with ___ sex chromosomes = male

A

Y
XY

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10
Q

Ovum with X sex chromosome Is fertilized by sperm with ___ sex chromosome to yield an embryo with ___ sex chromosomes = FEMALE

A

X
XX

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11
Q

From conception to week 6 of embryonic development a male or female embryo is internally and externally _______in terms of reproductive system

A

Identical

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12
Q

Müllerian duct refers to the female or male reproductive tract ?

A

Female

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13
Q

Wilffian duct refers to the female or male reproductive tract ?

A

Male

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14
Q

___ duct refers to the female reproductive tract

A

Mullerian

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15
Q

__ duct refers to the male reproductive tract

A

Wolffian

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16
Q

Starting at what week of embryonic development can we determine the sex of an embryo ?

A

7

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17
Q

The SRY transcription factor is the sex-determining gene of the ___ chromosome

A

Y

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18
Q

___ sex depends on combination of sex chromosomes

A

Genetic

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19
Q

____ sex is determined by presence or absence of SRY gene

A

Gonadal

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20
Q

What is the sex if SRY and TDF are absent

A

Female

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21
Q

With no TDF , undifferentiated gonads develop into ____

A

Ovaries

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22
Q

TDF directs differentiation of gonads into ___

A

Testes

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23
Q

TDF is short for ____

A

Testes determining factor

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24
Q

Are reproductive tracts differentiated before or after gonads ?

A

After

25
Q

_____+ ____ from the testes signal wolffian duct development in the male embryo

A

Androgens + MIF

26
Q

Androgens + MIF from testes signal ___ duct development in the male embryo

A

Wolffian

27
Q

Androgens +MIF from tests signal wolffian duct development in the ____ embryo

A

Male

28
Q

Absence of androgens + MIF permits Müllerian duct development in ___ embryo

A

Female

29
Q

Absence of androgens + MIF permits_____ duct development in female embryo

A

Müllerian

30
Q

Absence of _____ + ____ permit Müllerian duct development in the female embryo

A

Androgens + MIF

31
Q

Testes secret ____ and _____

A

Testosterone and mullerian -inhibiting factor

32
Q

Degeneration of Müllerian ducts is done by means of ________

A

Mullerian inhibiting factor

33
Q

Testes secrete testosterone which is converted to _____

A

Dihydrotestosterone

34
Q

_______ promotes development of undifferentiated external genitalia along male lines

A

Dihydrotestosterone

35
Q

Testosterone, MIF and dihydrotestosterone are ____ steroids

A

Androgenic

36
Q

MIF= a ___ hormone

A

Protein

37
Q

MIF stands for

A

Mullerian inhibiting factor

38
Q

____ sex determined by presence or absence of masculinizing hormones

A

Phenotypic

39
Q

Absence of testosterone promotes the degeneration of ___ ducts

A

Wolffian

40
Q

Absence of MIF promotes development of _____ ducts into female reproductive tract

A

Mullerian

41
Q

Absence of_____ promotes development of undifferentiated external genitalia along female lines

A

testosterone

42
Q

Gonadal sex specification of embryo can be determined at ___-___ weeks

A

6-7

43
Q

Sex specific hormones profiles of embryo can be determined at __-___ weeks

A

7-9 weeks

44
Q

Genetic sex of embryo can be determined at what stage of development ?

A

Conception

45
Q

Phenotypic sex (differentiation of external genitalia) of embryo can be determined at __-___ weeks

A

10 -12

46
Q

______ is essential for development of male external genitalia

A

Dihydrotestosterone

47
Q

Ovaries remain in the abdominal cavity
Testes descend into the scrotum under the influence of _____

A

Androgens

48
Q

______ % of male newborns have descended testes, remainder within 3 months post birth

A

97%

49
Q

Absent ___ or ___ signalling in a male embryo leads to female development

A

SRY or TDF

50
Q

Absent SRY or TDF signalling in a Male embryo results in _______

A

Female development

51
Q

Absent ___ in a male embryo = male testes and female physical appearance with breast development

A

Androgen receptor

52
Q

Absent androgen receptor in a male embryo = male testes and ___ physical appearance with ______ development

A

Female
Breast

53
Q

Insufficient _____ to DHT conversion in a male embryo = male testes and reproductive tract ; female external genitalia

A

Testosterone

54
Q

Insufficient testosterone to ____ conversion in a male embryo = male testes and reproductive tract ; female external genitalia

A

DHT

55
Q

Insufficient testosterone to DHT conversion in a male embryo = male testes and reproductive tract ; ______external genitalia

A

Female

56
Q

Excessive ___ production in a female embryo = female ovary; male - differentiation of the reproductive tract and genitalia

A

Androgen

57
Q

Excessive androgen production in a female embryo = female ______; male - differentiation of the reproductive tract and _____

A

Ovary
Genitalia

58
Q

DSD stands for

A

Difference in sexual differentiation

59
Q

Explain the difference between genetic sex, gonadal sex and phenotypic sex

A

Genetic- inheritance of Chr XX or Chr XY combination
Gonadal - presence/absence of SRY gene
Phenotypic - presence/absence of masculinizing hormones

Med310A (29 decks)

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