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Med310A > PARATHYROID ENDOCRINOLOGY & CALCIUM REGULATION > Flashcards

PARATHYROID ENDOCRINOLOGY & CALCIUM REGULATION Flashcards

1
Q

____ Homeostasis
Essential for:
Bones/teeth
All cells
Nerve/muscle function
Blood clotting
3 hormones responsible:
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Calcitonin
Vitamin d

A

Calcium

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2
Q

Total body calcium = ___ kg

A

1

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3
Q

Calcium regulation ;
_________ Ca in ECF by:
-exchange between bone and ECF ——>min to min
-Renal excretion regulation

__________Ca by:
-GI absorption of Ca —————> long term regulation
- renal excretion

A

Free ionized ca
Total body ca

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4
Q

Chief cells have a ____ ion sensing receptor

A

Calcium

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5
Q

____ is a peptide hormone
Control by a neg feedback loop:
-synthesis&secretion stimulated by low plasma ionized Ca2+
-raises free ionized Ca2+ in ECF
- Activity is essential for life
-acts on bone, kidneys, and via Vit.D -GI tract

A

Parathyroid hormone

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6
Q

Osteoblasts, osteoclasts, or osteocytes ?
____ create new bone by secreting organic matrix - osteoid- and then mineralizing it with calcium phosphate crystals

A

Osteoblasts

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7
Q

Osteoblasts, osteoclasts, or osteocytes ?
____ arise from entombed osteoblasts, involved in calcium regulation but do not create bone

A

Osteocytes

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8
Q

Osteoblasts, osteoclasts, or osteocytes ?
_____ dissolve bone by solubility green the crystals

A

Osteoclasts

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9
Q

_____ create bone throughout life = bone deposition
____dissolve bone = bone resorption

A

Osteoblasts
osteoclasts

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10
Q

PTH stimulates :
Movement of ionized ___ from bone to fluid to ECF (fast response time)

A

Ca2+

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11
Q

PTH stimulates :
Bone dissolving activity of ____ (slower response time)

A

Osteoclasts

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12
Q

PTH increases renal reabsorption of ___
And increases excretion of ___
PTH induces activation of _____
Phosphate
Calcium
Vit d ?

A

Calcium
Phosphate
Vit d

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13
Q

_____
effects on bone remodelling opposite to PTH :
A peptide hormone
Decreases movement of ionized calcium from bond fluid to ECF
Inhibits activity of osteoclasts; therefore decreases bone resorption
Increases renal calcium excretion

A

Calcitonin

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14
Q

_______
-Derived from inactive form produced in skin by action of sunlight, present in some foods
-biologically inactive precursor os called 7-dehydrocholesterol
-is a steroid hormone

A

Vit d

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15
Q

Vit d is activated by addition of 2 ___ groups
1st in liver —> 25-OH Vit D
2nd in kidneys —> 1,25(OH)2 VitD3

A

Hydroxyl

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16
Q

______ hydroxylation enzyme is stimulated by :
-PTH
-low plasma ionized calcium
- low plasma ionized phosphate
-prolactin (during lactation)

A

Kidney

17
Q

When plasma ionized ____ is high , renal hydroxylation produces an inactive form : 24, 25(OH)2 VITD3

A

CALCIUM

18
Q

Effects of activated ______:
- increases total body calcium by increasing GI absorption of calcium
-dose dependent response
-slow, long lasting response
-adjusts Ca2+ intake from diet to match needs is changes in ratio of active/inactive Vit D

A

VIT D 3

19
Q

Effects of activated Vit D3 :
- increases __ ionized calcium by enhancing response of bone to PTH

A

ECF

20
Q

Hyperparathyroidism
Hypoparathyroidism
Vitamin d deficiency
Osteoporosis
Are problems of ___ homeostasis

A

Calcium

21
Q

_______ is a rare condition usually caused by autoimmune disease or physical damage to these glands = low secretion of PTH

A

Hypoparathyroidism

22
Q

Paraesthesia
Tetany
Pins and needles sensation = ___
Muscle spasms =____

A

Paraesthesia
Tetany

23
Q

Hyperparathyroidism can cause _____ results from high PTH

A

Hypercalcemia

24
Q

______ causes high PTH production due to chronic renal disease or vit d deficiency

A

Hypocalcemia

25
Q

High ___ with elevated ___ causes:
Depressed muscle/nerve excitability
Increased risk of fractures
Risk of kidney stones

A

PTH
Ca2+

26
Q

High PTH causes Bone demineralization in :
Children = ____
Adults = ___
Rickets
Osteomalacia

A

Rickets
Osteomalacia

27
Q

Hyperparathyroidism with ____ deficiency :
Impairs GI absorption of calcium
Results in high PTH causing bone demineralization

A

VIT D

28
Q

_______ pigmentation affects vit d production

A

Skin

29
Q

______- brittle bones :
-condition in which bone resorption is Greater then bone formation
-reduced osteoblast activity=increased osteoclasts activity
-plasma calcium, phosphate, PTH and Vit D evens are usually normal
=reduction of bone mass

A

Osteoporosis

Med310A (29 decks)

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