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Med310A > Lecture 7: Receptor Physiology > Flashcards

Lecture 7: Receptor Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

________ is for information from the external world (hearing, vision , touch)

A

Exteroreceptor

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2
Q

______ is for information from the musculoskeletal system ( deep sensation from the muscles, tendons, joints)

A

Propeioceptors

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3
Q

_____ is for information from the internal organs

A

Interoreceptors

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4
Q

Cranial nerves attach to _____
Spinal nerves attach to _____

A

Brain
Spinal cord

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5
Q

_____ sensory : touch, pain, pressure, vibration, temp, and proprioception in skin, body wall, and limbs. Hearing, equilibrium, vision, smell

A

Somatic

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6
Q

Somatic sensory and visceral sensory belong to ______ division

A

Sensory (afferent)

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7
Q

_____ sensory: stretch, pain, temp, chemical changes, and irritation in viscera: nausea/hunger. Taste

A

Visceral

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8
Q

Somatic motor and visceral motor belong to ____ division

A

Motor (efferent )

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9
Q

____ motor: motor innervation of all skeletal muscles

A

Somatic

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10
Q

______ motor: motor innervation of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands: equivalent to autonomic nervous system. Divides into _____ division and ___ division

A

Visceral
Parasympathetic
Sympathetic

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11
Q

__________is the link between the periphery and the CNS

A

Peripheral nervous system

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12
Q

________ division : information from receptors about internal and external environment toward CNS-> sensory - somatosensory, visceral sensory

A

Afferent

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13
Q

_____ division: response that controls the effectors (skeletal muscles, tissues, and other organs) -> motor- somatic motor visceral motor

A

Efferent

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14
Q

Peripheral nervous system consists of _____ that carry information between the CNS and other parts of the body

A

Nerve fibres

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15
Q

Sensory information can be integrated in the _______ or can travel directly to higher levels in the brainstem, and thalamus

A

Spinal cord

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16
Q

_______ sensory neuron : afferent neuron with its peripheral receptor that first detects stimulus

A

1st order

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17
Q

______ sensory neuron:
Located in the thalamus

A

3rd order

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18
Q

____ sensory neuron:
Either in spinal cord or medulla, synapses with 3rd order neuron

A

2nd order

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19
Q

Sensory information

______ - pain, temperature, tactile, proprioceptive ( from skin, muscles, joints, inner ear)

A

Somatic

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20
Q

Sensory information :

_____ - pain, temperature, stretch, chemical, osmotic

A

Visceral

21
Q

Sensory information
________ - vision, hearing, balance , taste and smell

A

Special senses

22
Q

________ at peripheral endings of afferent neurons or receptor cells detect stimuli (change detected by body)

A

Sensory receptor

23
Q

________ conversion of different forms of energy into electrical signals (action potentials)

A

Sensory transduction

24
Q

_______ - different types of sensation (sound, light , taste, touch , pain )

A

Modality

25
Q

_______ : responsive to visible wavelengths of light

A

Photoreceptors

26
Q

_____ sensitive to mechanical energy

A

Mechanoreceptors

27
Q

_____: sensitive to heat and cold

A

Thermoreceptors

28
Q

______: sensitive to pain

A

Nociceptors

29
Q

_________ : sensitive to specific chemicals
Include receptors for smell, taste and receptors that detect 02 and c02 concentration in blood and chemical content of digestive tract

A

Chemoreceptors

30
Q

_______: detect changes in osmotic pressure

A

Osmoreceptors

31
Q

_______ each type of receptor is specialized to respond to one type of stimulus. Requires the least amount of energy to activate that particular receptor- the form of energy which the receptor is most responsive

A

Adequate stimulus

32
Q

__________ - the sensation characteristic of each sensory neuron is produced by its adequate stimulus

A

Law of specific nerve energies

33
Q

Stimulus alters receptor’s permeability, usually by causing nonselective opening of all small _______
opening of all small ion channels
•This change in membrane permeability can lead to the influx of _____ ions -> depolarizes the receptor membrane (usually)

A

Ion channels
Sodium

34
Q

•This local depolarization (graded potential) is known as a __________in the case of a separate receptor, or a generator potential in the case of the specialized ending of a nerve fiber
•Receptor or generator potential - graded potential whose amplitude and duration can vary
- The stronger the stimulus, the greater the ________change and the larger the potential
• Receptor potentials have no __________-> summation is possible with rapidly successive stimuli

A

Receptor potential
Permeability
Refractory period

35
Q

_____ receptors : do not adapt at all or adapt slowly
Muscle stretch receptors, joint proprioceptors

A

Tonic

36
Q

_____ receptors: rapidly adapting receptors
Tactile receptors in skin

A

Phasic

37
Q

A particular modality detected by a specialized receptor is sent over a specific afferent and ascending pathway to excite a defined area in the _________

A

Somatosensory cortex

38
Q

______: 1:1 association of receptor with a sensation -> labeled line coding

A

Somatosensory

39
Q

Most sensory pathways project to the_____. This modifies and relays information to cortical centres

A

Thalamus

40
Q

_______: the region f skin surface that the somatosensory neuron responds to

A

Receptive field

41
Q

The receptive field is a circumscribed area of the skin surrounding the point of stimulation. The ______ the receptive field for a sense on the skin surface, the ______ the acuity.

A

Smaller
Greater

42
Q

________: The smaller the receptive field is in a region, the greater its acuity or discriminative ability

A

Acuity

43
Q

_______: influences acuity

A

Lateral inhibition

44
Q

______enhances localization and contrast of stimuli

A

Lateral Inhibition

45
Q

A ___________ represents a map of brain areas dedicated to sensory processing for different anatomical divisions of the body. The primary sensory cortex is located in the __________, and handles signals coming from the thalamus.

A

sensory homunculus

postcentral gyrus

46
Q

The rate of action potentials is proportional to _______intensity

A

Stimulus

47
Q

______ - a reduction in receptor potential despite sustained stimulation of the same magnitude
•Here, it is a reduction in the number of action potentials in response to the continuous presence of a stimulus
•Helps prevent sensory overload

A

Adaptation

48
Q

________: Stimulus above threshold gives rise to APs in a sensory neuron that projects to the CNS
• Stimulus intensity and duration are coded in the pattern of APs reaching the _____

A

Receptor potential
CNS

49
Q

Stimulus location and modality are coded according to which receptors are activated (RECEPTIVE FIELD ) and fine-tuned by _______
• Each sensory pathway projects to a specific region of the ________ dedicated to a particular receptive field.
• For somatosensory system, it follows “________”

A

Lateral inhibition
Cerebral cortex
Labelled lines

Med310A (29 decks)

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